Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among people living with HIV/AIDS in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

BMC Nephrology

Olivier Bouchaud⁷  Théodore Niyongabo⁴  Désiré Sakubu³  Janvière Nzorijana⁵  Evelyne Baramperanye¹  Laurence Munyana⁴  Emmanuel Nindagiye²  Hassan Izzedine⁶  Béatrice Nkurunziza²  Johann Cailhol² 

[1]Department of Medicine, Association Nationale de Soutien aux Séropositifs (ANSS), Bujumbura, Burundi

[2]Department of Research, National Centre for HIV Reference, Bujumbura, Burundi

[3]Department of Medicine, Nouvelle Espérance, Bujumbura, Burundi

[4]HIV-clinic (CPAMP-CHUK), Bujumbura University Hospital, Burundi

[5]Department of Medicine, Society of Women Against AIDS (SWAA), Bujumbura, Burundi

[6]Kidney disease department, Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France

[7]Infectious and tropical diseases department, Avicenne Hospital-APHP and Paris 13 University, 125 Route de Stalingrad, 93009, Bobigny, France

关键词: prevalence;    risk factors;    proteinuria;    aseptic leukocyturia;    kidney damage;    chronic kidney disease;   

Others  :  1083243
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2369-12-40

 received in 2011-02-08, accepted in 2011-08-24,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

Since little is known about chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence and nature of CKD were assessed in Burundi through a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Methods

Patients underwent assessments at baseline and 3 months later. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was estimated using abbreviated 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Diseases (MDRD) and Cockroft-Gault estimation methods. Patients were classified at month 3 into various CKD stages using the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) definition, which combines GFR and urinary abnormalities. Risk factors for presence of proteinuria (PRO) and aseptic leukocyturia (LEU) were further analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Median age of the patients in the study (N = 300) was 40 years, 70.3% were female and 71.7% were on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Using the MDRD method, CKD prevalence in patients was 45.7%, 30.2% of whom being classified as stage 1 according to the NKF classification, 13.5% as stage 2 and 2% as stage 3. No patient was classified as stage 4 or 5. Among CKD patients with urinary abnormality, PRO accounted for 6.1% and LEU for 18.4%. Significant associations were found between LEU and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, previous history of tuberculosis, low body mass index and female gender and between PRO and high viral load.

Conclusion

Our study, using a very sensitive definition for CKD evaluation, suggests a potentially high prevalence of CKD among PLWHA in Burundi. Patients should be regularly monitored and preventative measures implemented, such as monitoring NSAID use and adjustment of drug dosages according to body weight. Urine dipsticks could be used as a screening tool to detect patients at risk of renal impairment.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Cailhol et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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