Metagenomics reveals that detoxification systems are underrepresented in marine bacterial communities

BMC Genomics

Anders Blomberg¹  Mikael Molin¹  Magnus Alm Rosenblad¹  Johan Bengtsson-Palme² 

[1]Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden

[2]Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden

关键词: Toxic metals;    Oxidative stress;    Metagenomics;    Marine;    Global ocean sampling;    Ecotoxicology;    Detoxification;   

Others  :  1141048
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-749

 received in 2014-04-27, accepted in 2014-08-26,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Environmental shotgun sequencing (metagenomics) provides a new way to study communities in microbial ecology. We here use sequence data from the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) expedition to investigate toxicant selection pressures revealed by the presence of detoxification genes in marine bacteria. To capture a broad range of potential toxicants we selected detoxification protein families representing systems protecting microorganisms from a variety of stressors, such as metals, organic compounds, antibiotics and oxygen radicals.

Results

Using a bioinformatics procedure based on comparative analysis to finished bacterial genomes we found that the amount of detoxification genes present in marine microorganisms seems surprisingly small. The underrepresentation is particularly evident for toxicant transporters and proteins involved in detoxifying metals. Exceptions are enzymes involved in oxidative stress defense where peroxidase enzymes are more abundant in marine bacteria compared to bacteria in general. In contrast, catalases are almost completely absent from the open ocean environment, suggesting that peroxidases and peroxiredoxins constitute a core line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the marine milieu.

Conclusions

We found no indication that detoxification systems would be generally more abundant close to the coast compared to the open ocean. On the contrary, for several of the protein families that displayed a significant geographical distribution, like peroxidase, penicillin binding transpeptidase and divalent ion transport protein, the open ocean samples showed the highest abundance. Along the same lines, the abundance of most detoxification proteins did not increase with estimated pollution. The low level of detoxification systems in marine bacteria indicate that the majority of marine bacteria have a low capacity to adapt to increased pollution. Our study exemplifies the use of metagenomics data in ecotoxicology, and in particular how anthropogenic consequences on life in the sea can be examined.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Bengtsson-Palme et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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