Rapid evolution of avirulence genes in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

BMC Genetics

Sihai Yang¹  Ping Li²  Qiming Deng²  Weina Si¹  Ju Huang¹ 

[1] State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China

关键词: Rapid evolution;    Evolutionary features;    Avr-genes;    Magnaporthe oryzae;   

Others  :  866262
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2156-15-45

 received in 2013-12-03, accepted in 2014-04-07,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating pathogens in rice. Avirulence genes in this fungus share a gene-for-gene relationship with the resistance genes in its host rice. Although numerous studies have shown that rice blast R-genes are extremely diverse and evolve rapidly in their host populations, little is known about the evolutionary patterns of the Avr-genes in the pathogens.

Results

Here, six well-characterized Avr-genes and seven randomly selected non-Avr control genes were used to investigate the genetic variations in 62 rice blast strains from different parts of China. Frequent presence/absence polymorphisms, high levels of nucleotide variation (~10-fold higher than non-Avr genes), high non-synonymous to synonymous substitution ratios, and frequent shared non-synonymous substitution were observed in the Avr-genes of these diversified blast strains. In addition, most Avr-genes are closely associated with diverse repeated sequences, which may partially explain the frequent presence/absence polymorphisms in Avr-genes.

Conclusion

The frequent deletion and gain of Avr-genes and rapid non-synonymous variations might be the primary mechanisms underlying rapid adaptive evolution of pathogens toward virulence to their host plants, and these features can be used as the indicators for identifying additional Avr-genes. The high number of nucleotide polymorphisms among Avr-gene alleles could also be used to distinguish genetic groups among different strains.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Huang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 3.

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