Sleepiness induced by sleep-debt enhanced amygdala activity for subliminal signals of fear

BMC Neuroscience

Kazuo Mishima⁴  Shigekazu Higuchi²  Yoshiya Moriguchi¹  Akiko Hida⁴  Yasuko Katayose⁴  Minori Enomoto⁴  Yuri Terasawa³  Kentaro Oba¹  Shingo Kitamura⁴  Yuki Motomura¹ 

[1] Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan;Faculty of Design, Kyushu University 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan;Department of Psychology, Keio University, 4-1-1Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan;Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan

关键词: Amygdala;    Fearful face;    Emotion;    Subliminal;    Unconscious;    Nonconscious;    Sleepiness;   

Others  :  1091401
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2202-15-97

 received in 2014-04-01, accepted in 2014-08-14,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Emotional information is frequently processed below the level of consciousness, where subcortical regions of the brain are thought to play an important role. In the absence of conscious visual experience, patients with visual cortex damage discriminate the valence of emotional expression. Even in healthy individuals, a subliminal mechanism can be utilized to compensate for a functional decline in visual cognition of various causes such as strong sleepiness. In this study, sleep deprivation was simulated in healthy individuals to investigate functional alterations in the subliminal processing of emotional information caused by reduced conscious visual cognition and attention due to an increase in subjective sleepiness. Fourteen healthy adult men participated in a within-subject crossover study consisting of a 5-day session of sleep debt (SD, 4-h sleep) and a 5-day session of sleep control (SC, 8-h sleep). On the last day of each session, participants performed an emotional face-viewing task that included backward masking of nonconscious presentations during magnetic resonance scanning.

Results

Finally, data from eleven participants who were unaware of nonconscious face presentations were analyzed. In fear contrasts, subjective sleepiness was significantly positively correlated with activity in the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and insular cortex, and was significantly negatively correlated with the secondary and tertiary visual areas and the fusiform face area. In fear-neutral contrasts, subjective sleepiness was significantly positively correlated with activity of the bilateral amygdala. Further, changes in subjective sleepiness (the difference between the SC and SD sessions) were correlated with both changes in amygdala activity and functional connectivity between the amygdala and superior colliculus in response to subliminal fearful faces.

Conclusion

Sleepiness induced functional decline in the brain areas involved in conscious visual cognition of facial expressions, but also enhanced subliminal emotional processing via superior colliculus as represented by activity in the amygdala. These findings suggest that an evolutionally old and auxiliary subliminal hazard perception system is activated as a compensatory mechanism when conscious visual cognition is impaired. In addition, enhancement of subliminal emotional processing might cause involuntary emotional instability during sleep debt through changes in emotional response to or emotional evaluation of external stimuli.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Motomura et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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