Knowledge and ethical perception regarding organ donation among medical students

BMC Medical Ethics

Nosheen Zehra²  Basmah Naser Jilani¹  Amal Qureshi¹  Nisreen Feroz Ali¹ 

[1]Fifth year medical students, Ziauddin Medical University, ST-16, Block B, North Nazimabad, Karachi, Pakistan

[2]Department of Community Health Sciences, Ziauddin Medical University, ST-4/B, Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan

关键词: Willingness to donate;    First years and fourth years;    Medical students;    Transplantation of human organ and tissues bill 2007;    Transplantation;    Ethical perception;    Knowledge;    Organ donation;   

Others  :  799892
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6939-14-38

 received in 2013-02-01, accepted in 2013-09-18,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

To determine the knowledge and ethical perception regarding organ donation amongst medical students in Karachi- Pakistan.

Methods

Data of this cross sectional study was collected by self administered questionnaire from MBBS students of Ziauddin University from 2010 to 2011. Sample size of 158 (83 First years and 75 Fourth years) were selected by convenient sampling and those students who were present and gave consent were included in the study. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.

Results

A total of 158 participants from Ziauddin Medical University filled out the questionnaire out of which 83(52.5%) were first years and 75(47.5%) were fourth year medical students. Mean age of sample was 20 ± 1.7. Majority of students were aware about organ donation with print and electronic media as the main source of information. 81.6% agreed that it was ethically correct to donate an organ. In the students’ opinion, most commonly donated organs and tissues were kidney, cornea, blood and platelet. Ideal candidates for donating organ were parents (81%). Regarding list of options for preference to receive an organ, most of the students agreed on young age group patients and persons with family. Willingness to donate was significantly associated with knowledge of allowance of organ donation in religion (P=0.000).

Conclusion

Both 1st year and 4th year students are aware of Organ Donation, but there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding the topic.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Ali et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplant (SIUT)http://www.siut.org/services/in-patient/transplantation webcite
• [2]Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Zafar MN: Renal transplantation in Pakistan. In Clinical transplants. Edited by Cecka MJ, Terasaki PI. Los Angeles: UCLA Immunogenetics Center; 2002:191-200.
• [3]Rizvi AH, Naqvi AS, Zafar MN, Ahmed E: Regulated compensated donation in Pakistan and Iran. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2009, 14:124-128.
• [4]Human Development Report: United nations development programme. New York: UN Plaza; 2009:199.
• [5]Rizvi SAH, Naqvi SAA, Zafar MN, Hussain Z, Hashmi A, Hussain M, Akhtar SF, Ahmed E, Aziz T, Sultan G, Sultan S, Mehdi SH, Lal M, Ali B, Mubarak M, Faiq SM: A renal transplantation model for developing countries. Am J Transplant 2011, 11:2302-2307.
• [6]Pakistan: government mulls new law on illegal kidney sales. IRIN: Humanitarian news and analysis; 2007.
• [7]Transplant Society of Pakistanhttp://tx-society-pk.org/index.htm webcite
• [8]Newton JD: How does the general public view posthumous organ donation? a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:791.
• [9]Sharif A, Jawad H, Nightingale P, Hodson J, Lipkin G, Cockwell P, Ball S, Borrows R: A quantitative survey of Western Muslim attitudes to solid organ donation. Transplantation 2011, 92(10):1108-1114.
• [10]Ozer A, Ekerbicer HC, Celik M, Nacar M: Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of officials of religion about organ donation in Kahramanmaras, an eastern Mediterranean city of Turkey. Transplant Proc 2010, 42(9):3363-3367.
• [11]Kaufert JM, Putsch RW: Communication through interpreters in healthcare: ethical dilemmas arising from differences in class, culture, language, and power. J Clin Ethics 1997, 8:71-87.
• [12]Bapat U, Kedlaya PG: Gokulnath: organ donation, awareness, attitudes and beliefs among post graduate medical students. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant 2010, 21:174-180.
• [13]Radunz S, Hertel S, Schmid KW, Heuer M, Stommel P, Frühauf NR, Saner FH, Paul A, Kaiser GM: Attitude of health care professionals to organ donation: two surveys among the staff of a German university hospital. Transplant Proc 2010, 42(1):126-129.
• [14]Ashraf O, Ali S, Ali SA, Ali H, Alam M, Ali A, Ali TM: Attitude toward organ donation: a survey in Pakistan. Artif Organs 2005, 29:899-905.
• [15]Siddiqi MM: What does Islam Say about organ donation?. 2012. http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?cid=1119503543346&pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar%2FFatwaE%2FFatwaEAskTheScholar webcite
• [16]Carlisle D: Life giving fatwa- editorial. Nurs Times 1995, 29:180-183.
• [17]Albar M: Islamic ethics of organ transplantation and braindeath. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 1996, 7(2):109-114.
• [18]Loch A, Hilmi IN, Mazam Z, Pillay Y, Choon DSK: Differences in attitude towards cadaveric organ donation: observations in a multiracial Malaysian society. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 2010., 17(3)
• [19]Al-Faqih SR: The influence of Islamic views on public attitudes towards kidney transplant donation in a Saudi Arabian community. Public Health 1991, 105(2):161-165.
• [20]Christina KY C, Carol WK N, Kevin CY S, Adams HY M, Sunny PC C, Joyce YM C, Kris PT Y, Bruce YH T, Pamela PW L: Attitudes, knowledge and actions with regard to organ donation among Hong Kong medical students. Hong Kong Med J 2008, 28:278-285.
• [21]Nakayama Y, Ota M, Isshiki M, Mori M: Evaluation of effects of education about a donor card on university or college students [in Japanese]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2002, 49:1097-1106.
• [22]Laederach-Hofmann K, Gerster BI: Knowledge, attitude and reservations of medical students about organ transplantation: results of a survey during the first year of study [in German]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1998, 128:1840-1849.
• [23]Bardell T, Hunter DJ, Kent WD, Jain MK: Do medical students have the knowledge needed to maximize organ donation rates? Can J Surg 2003, 46:453-457.
• [24]Afonso RC, Buttros DA, Sakabe D, et al.: Future doctors and brain death: what is the prognosis? Transplant Proc 2004, 36:816-817.
• [25]Dhaliwal U: Enhancing eye donation rate: training students to be motivators. Indian J Ophthalmol 2002, 50:209-212.
• [26]Dutra MMD, Bonfim TAS, Pereira IS, Figueiredo IC, Dutra AMD, Lopes AA: Knowledge about transplantation and attitudes toward organ donation: a survey among medical students in northeast Brazil. Transplant Proc 2004, 36:818-820.
• [27]Radunz S, Juntermanns B, Heuer M, Frühauf NR, Paul A, Kaiser GM: The effect of education on the attitude of medical students towards organ donation. Ann Transplant 2012, 17(1):140-144.
• [28]Essman C, Thornton J: Assessing medical student knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding organ donation, case western reserve university, school of medicine, Cleveland, Ohio. USA. Transplant Proc. 2006, 38(9):2745-2750.
• [29]Saleem T, Ishaque S, Habib N, Hussain SS, Jawed A, Khan AA, Ahmad MI, Iftikhar MO, Mughal HP, Jehan I: Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey on organ donation among a selected adult population of Pakistan. BMC Med Ethics 2009, 10:5.
• [30]Kazim S, Syed F: Organ donation law in Pakistan: an overview of the current situation. JPMA 2008., 58(2)
• [31]Sönmez Y, Zengin E, Ongel K, Kişioğlu N, Oztürk M: Attitude and behavior related to organ donation and affecting factors: a study of last-term students at a university. Transplant Proc 2010, 42(5):1449-1452.
• [32]Schaeffner ES, Windisch W, Freidel K, et al.: Knowledge and attitudes regarding organ donation among medical students and physicians. Transplantation 2004, 77:1714.
• [33]Chen JX, Zhang TM, Lim FL, et al.: Current knowledge and attitudes about organ donation and transplantation among Chinese university students. Transplant Proc 2006, 38:2761.
• [34]Soragna G, Carrano R, Puttagio S, et al.: Opinions on renal transplantation and organ donation in high school students in two large northern (Torino) and southern (Napoli) Italian cities. Transplant Proc 2004, 36:428.
• [35]Mekahli D, Liutkus A, Fargue S, Ranchin B, Cochat P: Survey of first-year medical students to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward organ transplantation and donation. Transplant Proc 2009, 41(2):634-638.
• [36]Hobeika MJ, Simon R, Malik R, Pachter HL, Frangos S, Bholat O, Teperman S, Teperman L: U.S. surgeon and medical student attitudes toward organ donation. J Trauma 2009, 67(2):372-375.
• [37]Burra P, De Bona M, Canova D, D’Aloiso MC, Germani G, Rumiati R, Ermani M, Ancona E: Changing attitude to organ donation and transplantation in university students during the years of medical school in Italy. Transplant Proc 2005, 37:547-550.
• [38]Singh MM, Rahi M, Pagare D, Ingle GK: Medical students’ perception on eye donation in Delhi. Indian Journal of Opthamology 2007, 55(1):49-52.
• [39]Goz F, Goz M, Erkan M: Knowledge and attitudes of medical, nursing, dentistry and health technician students towards organ donation: a pilot study. J Clin Nurs 2006, 15(11):1371-1375.
• [40]Khan N, Masood Z, Tufail N, Shoukat H, Ashraf KTA, Ehsan S, Zehra S, Battol N, Akram S, Khalid S: Knowledge and attitude of people towards organ donation. JUMDC 2011, 2:15-21.
• [41]Bapat U, Kedlaya PG: Gokulnath: organ donation, awareness, attitudes and beliefs among postgraduate medical students. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2010, 21:174-180.
• [42]Conesa C, Rios ZA, Ramírez P, Canteras M, Rodríguez MM, Parrilla P: Influence of different sources of information on attitude toward organ donation: a factor analysis. Transplant Proc 2004, 36(5):1245-1248.
• [43]‘Ethics of organ Transplantation’ original publication by the university of Minnesota’s center for bioethics. 2004. http://www.ahc.umn.edu/img/assets/26104/Organ_Transplantation.pdf webcite
• [44]Ubel PA, Jepson C, Baron J, et al.: Allocation of transplantable organs: do people want to punish patients for causing their illness? Liver Transplant 2001, 7(7):600-607.
• [45]Boey KW: A cross-validation study of nurses’ attitudes and commitment to organ donation in Hong Kong, department of social work and social administration, the university of Hong Kong, Pokfulam road. Hong Kong. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2002, 39:95-104.
• [46]Rumsey S, Hurford DP, Cole AK: Influence of knowledge and religiousness on attitudes toward organ donation. Transplant Proc 2003, 35:2845-501.