Do changes in traditional coronary heart disease risk factors over time explain the association between socio-economic status and coronary heart disease?

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Kevin A Fiscella³  Daniel J Tancredi²  Paul C Winters⁴  Peter Franks¹ 

[1] Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, California, 95817, USA;Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis, 2103 Stockton Blvd., Suite 2224, Sacramento, California 95817, USA;Departments of Family Medicine and Community & Preventive Medicine, and Department of Oncology, Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester 1381 South Ave, Rochester, NY 14620, USA;Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester, 1381 South Ave, Rochester, NY 14620, USA

关键词: risk factors;    prevention;    epidemiology;    cholesterol;    coronary disease;   

Others  :  1085998
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2261-11-28

 received in 2010-11-16, accepted in 2011-06-03,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

Socioeconomic status (SES) predicts coronary heart disease independently of the traditional risk factors included in the Framingham risk score. However, it is unknown whether changes in Framingham risk score variables over time explain the association between SES and coronary heart disease. We examined this question given its relevance to risk assessment in clinical decision making.

Methods

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study data (initiated in 1987 with 10-years follow-up of 15,495 adults aged 45-64 years in four Southern and Mid-Western communities) were used. SES was assessed at baseline, dichotomized as low SES (defined as low education and/or low income) or not. The time dependent variables - smoking, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and use of blood pressure lowering medication - were assessed every three years. Ten-year incidence of coronary heart disease was based on EKG and cardiac enzyme criteria, or adjudicated death certificate data. Cox survival analyses examined the contribution of SES to heart disease risk independent of baseline Framingham risk score, without and with further adjustment for the time dependent variables.

Results

Adjusting for baseline Framingham risk score, low SES was associated with an increased coronary heart disease risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.53; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.27 to1.85). After further adjustment for the time dependent variables, the SES effect remained significant (HR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.19 to1.74).

Conclusion

Using Framingham Risk Score alone under estimated the coronary heart disease risk in low SES persons. This bias was not eliminated by subsequent changes in Framingham risk score variables.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Franks et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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