Comparative genomics of Lactobacillus crispatus suggests novel mechanisms for the competitive exclusion of Gardnerella vaginalis

BMC Genomics

Petri Auvinen¹  Liisa Holm⁵  Lars Paulin¹  Benita Westerlund-Wikström²  Sanna Edelman⁶  Nuno Cerca³  Joana Castro³  Matti Kankainen⁴  Teija Ojala¹ 

[1] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 4, PO Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Department of Biosciences, Division of General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9c, PO Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, PO Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland

关键词: Competitive exclusion;    Gardnerella vaginalis;    Bacterial vaginosis;    Normal flora;    Core genome;    Pan-genome;    Lactobacillus crispatus;    Comparative genomics;   

Others  :  1127534
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-1070

 received in 2014-07-14, accepted in 2014-11-24,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Lactobacillus crispatus is a ubiquitous micro-organism encountered in a wide range of host-associated habitats. It can be recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and it is a common constituent of the vaginal microbiota of humans. Moreover, L. crispatus can contribute to the urogenital health of the host through competitive exclusion and the production of antimicrobial agents. In order to investigate the genetic diversity of this important urogenital species, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of L. crispatus.

Results

Utilizing the completed genome sequence of a strain ST1 and the draft genome sequences of nine other L. crispatus isolates, we defined the scale and scope of the pan- and core genomic potential of L. crispatus. Our comparative analysis identified 1,224 and 2,705 ortholog groups present in all or only some of the ten strains, respectively. Based on mathematical modeling, sequencing of additional L. crispatus isolates would result in the identification of new genes and functions, whereas the conserved core of the ten strains was a good representation of the final L. crispatus core genome, estimated to level at about 1,116 ortholog groups. Importantly, the current core was observed to encode bacterial components potentially promoting urogenital health. Using antibody fragments specific for one of the conserved L. crispatus adhesins, we demonstrated that the L. crispatus core proteins have a potential to reduce the ability of Gardnerella vaginalis to adhere to epithelial cells. These findings thereby suggest that L. crispatus core proteins could protect the vagina from G. vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis.

Conclusions

Our pan-genome analysis provides insights into the intraspecific genome variability and the collective molecular mechanisms of the species L. crispatus. Using this approach, we described the differences and similarities between the genomes and identified features likely to be important for urogenital health. Notably, the conserved genetic backbone of L. crispatus accounted for close to 60% of the ortholog groups of an average L. crispatus strain and included factors for the competitive exclusion of G. vaginalis, providing an explanation on how this urogenital species could improve vaginal health.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Ojala et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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