Anticipated and experienced discrimination amongst people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a cross sectional study

BMC Psychiatry

Graham Thornicroft¹  Louise M Howard¹  Paul Williams¹  R Claire Henderson¹  Elaine Brohan²  Francesca Lassman¹  Lisa Dockery¹  Debra Jeffery¹  Jheanell Gabbidon¹  Sarah Clement¹  Simone Farrelly¹ 

[1] Section of Community Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigney Park, Box PO29, SE5 8AF London, UK;Adelphi Values, Adelphi Mill, Grimshaw Lane, SK10 5JB Bollington, Cheshire, UK

关键词: Stigma;    Ethnicity;    Gender;    Discrimination;    Bipolar;    Depression;    Schizophrenia;   

Others  :  1123549
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-244X-14-157

 received in 2013-05-31, accepted in 2014-05-15,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The unfair treatment of individuals with severe mental illness has been linked to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. Additionally, anticipation of discrimination may lead some individuals to avoid participation in particular life areas, leading to greater isolation and social marginalisation. This study aimed to establish the levels and clinical and socio-demographic associations of anticipated and experienced discrimination amongst those diagnosed with a schizophrenia and comparator severe mental illnesses (bipolar and major depressive disorders).

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional analysis of anticipated and experienced discrimination from 202 individuals in South London (47% with schizophrenia, 32% with depression and 20% with bipolar disorder).

Results

93% of the sample anticipated discrimination and 87% of participants had experienced discrimination in at least one area of life in the previous year. There was a significant association between the anticipation and the experience of discrimination. Higher levels of experienced discrimination were reported by those of a mixed ethnicity, and those with higher levels of education. Women anticipated more discrimination than men. Neither diagnosis nor levels of functioning were associated with the extent of discrimination. Clinical symptoms of anxiety, depression and suspiciousness were associated with more experienced and anticipated discrimination respectively.

Conclusions

The unfair treatment of individuals with severe mental illnesses remains unacceptably common. Population level interventions are needed to reduce levels of discrimination and to safeguard individuals. Interventions are also required to assist those with severe mental illness to reduce internalised stigma and social avoidance.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Farrelly et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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