Palm kernel cake extract exerts hepatoprotective activity in heat-induced oxidative stress in chicken hepatocytes

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Armin Oskoueian²  Majid Shakeri⁴  Yong Meng Goh³  Mahdi Ebrahimi³  Zulkifli Idrus⁴  Norhani Abdullah⁵  Ehsan Oskoueian¹ 

[1] Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), East and North-East Branch, P.O.B. 91735/844, Mashhad, Iran;Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, International Branch, Mashhad, Iran;Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia

关键词: iNOS;    Hsp70;    Chicken hepatocyte;    Oxidative stress;    Palm kernel cake;    Hepatoprotective;   

Others  :  1086445
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-14-368

 received in 2014-07-01, accepted in 2014-09-19,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Palm kernel cake (PKC), the most abundant by-product of oil palm industry is believed to contain bioactive compounds with hepatoprotective potential. These compounds may serve as hepatoprotective agents which could help the poultry industry to alleviate adverse effects of heat stress on liver function in chickens.

Methods

This study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of PKC extract in heat-induced oxidative stress in chicken hepatocytes. The nature of the active metabolites and elucidation of the possible mechanism involved were also investigated.

Results

The PKC extract possessed free radical scavenging activity with values significantly (p < 0.05) lower than silymarin as the reference antioxidant. Heat-induced oxidative stress in chicken hepatocyte impaired the total protein, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity significantly (p < 0.05). Treatment of heat-induced hepatocytes with PKC extract (125 μg/ml) and silymarin as positive control increased these values significantly (p < 0.05). The real time PCR and western blot analyses revealed the significant (p < 0.05) up-regulation of oxidative stress biomarkers including TNF-like, IFN-γ and IL-1β genes; NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS and Hsp70 proteins expression upon heat stress in chicken hepatocytes. The PKC extract and silymarin were able to alleviate the expression of all of these biomarkers in heat-induced chicken hepatocytes. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of PKC extract showed the presence of fatty acids, phenolic compounds, sugar derivatives and other organic compounds such as furfural which could be responsible for the observed hepatoprotective activity.

Conclusion

Palm kernel cake extract could be a potential agent to protect hepatocytes function under heat induced oxidative stress.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Oskoueian et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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