Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia and malaria among pregnant women at first clinic visit in the mount Cameroon Area

BMC Infectious Diseases

Eric Akum Achidi³  Hanesh Fru Chi²  Rolland Bantar Tata²  Tobias O. Apinjoh³  Helen Ngum Ntonifor⁴  Vera Ngenwie Nkweti¹  Judith K. Anchang-Kimbi¹ 

[1] Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon;Department of Molecular Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon;Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon

关键词: Pregnancy;    Malaria;    P. falciparum infection;   

Others  :  1232910
DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-015-1211-6

 received in 2014-12-17, accepted in 2015-10-13,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Pregnant women in malaria endemic areas are at high risk of P. falciparum infection and its complications. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for P. falciparum infection and malaria among pregnant women reporting for first antenatal care (ANC) clinic visit in the mount Cameroon area.

Methods

Venous blood samples from consented pregnant women were screened for malaria parasitaemia by light microscopy. Haemoglobin levels, white blood cell (WBC) counts, lymphocyte counts and percentage were determined using an automated haematology analyser. Socio-demographic/economic data, environmental factors and use of malaria control measures were documented. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used.

Results

Sixty-eight (22.4 %; N = 303) of the women enrolled were positive for P. falciparum parasitaemia. Malaria parasitaemia was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with febrile illness. The overall prevalence of malaria and asymptomatic infection was 16.0 % (95 % CI = 11-20 %) and 10.5 % (95 % CI = 7.3-15 %) respectively. A greater proportion of the malaria cases (61 %) reported at the clinic during unscheduled days meanwhile women with asymptomatic parasitaemia mostly (92.8 %) seek for ANC during scheduled clinic days. Lower lymphocyte percentage was significantly associated with increase parasite density (r = − 0.34; P = 0.011) and febrile status (MU = 2.46; P = 0.014). While age and gravidity were significant factors associated with P. falciparum infection and/or malaria, the presence of bush and/or standing water around human residence was an independent risk factor of P. falciparum parasitaemia (OR = 3.3: 95 % CI = 1.6 – 7.0; P = 0.002) and malaria ( OR = 5.2: 95 % CI = 2.0 – 14; P = 0.001). Being unmarried was significantly associated with increase risk (OR = 2.6:95 % CI = 1.1 – 6.0; P = 0.032) of P. falciparum parasitaemia. Similarly, single women (938) had a significantly higher (t = 2.70; P = 0.009) geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) compared with married women (338).

Conclusion

Marital status and human residence in areas with bushes and/or standing water modify risk of P. falciparum infection and malaria. Education on early ANC attendance and environmental sanitation are important public health targets for malaria control in pregnancy in this setting.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Anchang-Kimbi et al.

【 图 表 】

Fig. 1.

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