Severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and toddlers from a non-affluent population: viral etiology and co-detection as risk factors

BMC Infectious Diseases

Renato T Stein⁴  José Dirceu Ribeiro³  Marcus H Jones²  Otávio Cintra¹  Luana Sella Delcaro¹  José Luis Proença-Modena¹  Flávia Escremim de Paula¹  Edgar E Sarria²  Rita Mattiello²  Eurico Arruda¹  Márcio Condessa Paulo Pitrez²  Emerson Rodrigues da Silva³ 

[1]Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

[2]Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

[3]Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

[4]Pediatric Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, PUCRS, Av. Ipiranga, 6690, IPB-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

关键词: Coinfection;    Infants;    Human rhinovirus;    Respiratory syncytial virus;    Respiratory tract infections;   

Others  :  1158503
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-13-41

 received in 2012-07-26, accepted in 2013-01-21,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, especially among non-affluent communities. In this study we determine the impact of respiratory viruses and how viral co-detections/infections can affect clinical LRTI severity in children in a hospital setting.

Methods

Patients younger than 3 years of age admitted to a tertiary hospital in Brazil during the months of high prevalence of respiratory viruses had samples collected from nasopharyngeal aspiration. These samples were tested for 13 different respiratory viruses through real-time PCR (rt-PCR). Patients were followed during hospitalization, and clinical data and population characteristics were collected during that period and at discharge to evaluate severity markers, especially length of hospital stay and oxygen use. Univariate regression analyses identified potential risk factors and multivariate logistic regressions were used to determine the impact of specific viral detections as well as viral co-detections in relation to clinical outcomes.

Results

We analyzed 260 episodes of LRTI with a viral detection rate of 85% (n = 222). Co-detection was observed in 65% of all virus-positive episodes. The most prevalent virus was Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (54%), followed by Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) (32%) and Human Rhinovirus (HRV) (21%). In the multivariate models, infants with co-detection of HRV + RSV stayed 4.5 extra days (p = 0.004), when compared to infants without the co-detection. The same trends were observed for the outcome of days of supplemental oxygen use.

Conclusions

Although RSV remains as the main cause of LRTI in infants our study indicates an increase in the length of hospital stay and oxygen use in infants with HRV detected by RT-PCR compared to those without HRV. Moreover, one can speculate that when HRV is detected simultaneously with RSV there is an additive effect that may be reflected in more severe clinical outcome. Also, our study identified a significant number of children infected by recently identified viruses, such as hMPV and Human Bocavirus (HBov), and this is a novel finding for poor communities from developing countries.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 da Silva et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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