Bird harvesting practices and knowledge, risk perceptions, and attitudes regarding avian influenza among Canadian First Nations subsistence hunters: implications for influenza pandemic plans

BMC Public Health

Leonard JS Tsuji³  Richard Meldrum²  Eric N Liberda²  Ian D Martin³  Nadia A Charania¹ 

[1]Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

[2]School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 247H, M5B 2K3 Toronto, Ontario, Canada

[3]Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, M1C 1A4 Toronto, Ontario, Canada

关键词: Risk perception;    Pandemic plans;    Harvesting;    Subsistence hunting;    Canada;    First Nations;    Wild game;    Birds;    Avian influenza;   

Others  :  1125950
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-1113

 received in 2014-07-07, accepted in 2014-10-13,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

There is concern of avian influenza virus (AIV) infections in humans. Subsistence hunters may be a potential risk group for AIV infections as they frequently come into close contact with wild birds and the aquatic habitats of birds while harvesting. This study aimed to examine if knowledge and risk perception of avian influenza influenced the use of protective measures and attitudes about hunting influenza-infected birds among subsistence hunters.

Methods

Using a community-based participatory research approach, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with current subsistence hunters (n = 106) residing in a remote and isolated First Nations community in northern Ontario, Canada from November 10–25, 2013. Simple descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the distributions and relationships between variables. Written responses were deductively analyzed.

Results

ANOVA showed that males hunted significantly more birds per year than did females (F_1,96 = 12.1; p = 0.001) and that those who hunted significantly more days per year did not perceive a risk of AIV infection (F_1,94 = 4.4; p = 0.040). Hunters engaged in bird harvesting practices that could expose them to AIVs, namely by cleaning, plucking, and gutting birds and having direct contact with water. It was reported that 18 (17.0%) hunters wore gloves and 2 (1.9%) hunters wore goggles while processing birds. The majority of hunters washed their hands (n = 105; 99.1%) and sanitized their equipment (n = 69; 65.1%) after processing birds. More than half of the participants reported being aware of avian influenza, while almost one third perceived a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Participants aware of avian influenza were more likely to perceive a risk of AIV infection while harvesting birds. Our results suggest that knowledge positively influenced the use of a recommended protective measure. Regarding attitudes, the frequency of participants who would cease harvesting birds was highest if avian influenza was detected in regional birds (n = 55; 51.9%).

Conclusions

Our study indicated a need for more education about avian influenza and precautionary behaviours that are culturally-appropriate. First Nations subsistence hunters should be considered an avian influenza risk group and have associated special considerations included in future influenza pandemic plans.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Charania et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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