Comparative genomics of the major fungal agents of human and animal Sporotrichosis: Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis

BMC Genomics

Maria SS Felipe^1,14  Ana TR Vasconcelos³  Leila M Lopes-Bezerra⁸  Jason E Stajich^1,10  Sandro R Almeida^1,11  Héctor M Mora-Montes⁴  Patrícia S Cisalpino²  Gustavo A Niño-Vega^1,15  Bernard Henrissat¹  José F da Silveira^1,17  Sybren de Hoog⁶  Marcel ML Cunha⁸  Héctor Villalobos-Duno^1,15  Marjorie M Marini^1,17  Luciana M de Oliveira⁹  Marco A Soares⁹  Amanda LN Barros⁵  Tayná C dos Santos⁵  Fabiana FM de Oliveira⁵  Oberdan L Cunha³  Patrícia A Silva⁵  Claudia B Chaucanez⁵  Alan Viggiano Neto⁵  Luisa DF Peconick⁵  Vicente P Martins⁵  Alexandra L Gerber³  Patrícia Albuquerque⁷  André M Nicola^1,14  Hugo C Paes⁵  Nathalia C de Andrade⁸  Jeronimo C Ruiz²  Rangel C Souza³  Karen S Ferreira^1,13  Lorena S Derengowski⁵  Larissa Fernandes^1,16  Ana KR Abadio⁵  Érika S Kioshima^1,12  Fernanda L Alves²  Paula Kubitschek-Barreira⁸  Luiz GP de Almeida³  Marcus M Teixeira⁵ 

[1] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille, Université, CNRS, Marseille, France;Grupo Informática de Biossistemas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil;Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico;Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands;Programa de pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA;Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil;Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil;Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela;Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Ceilândia, Brasília, DF, Brazil;Departamento de Microbiologia Imunobiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

关键词: Fungal evolution;    Comparative genomics;    Sporothrix brasiliensis;    Sporothrix schenckii;   

Others  :  1127805
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-943

 received in 2014-02-11, accepted in 2014-09-25,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The fungal genus Sporothrix includes at least four human pathogenic species. One of these species, S. brasiliensis, is the causal agent of a major ongoing zoonotic outbreak of sporotrichosis in Brazil. Elsewhere, sapronoses are caused by S. schenckii and S. globosa. The major aims on this comparative genomic study are: 1) to explore the presence of virulence factors in S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis; 2) to compare S. brasiliensis, which is cat-transmitted and infects both humans and cats with S. schenckii, mainly a human pathogen; 3) to compare these two species to other human pathogens (Onygenales) with similar thermo-dimorphic behavior and to other plant-associated Sordariomycetes.

Results

The genomes of S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis were pyrosequenced to 17x and 20x coverage comprising a total of 32.3 Mb and 33.2 Mb, respectively. Pair-wise genome alignments revealed that the two species are highly syntenic showing 97.5% average sequence identity. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that both species diverged about 3.8-4.9 MYA suggesting a recent event of speciation. Transposable elements comprise respectively 0.34% and 0.62% of the S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis genomes and expansions of Gypsy-like elements was observed reflecting the accumulation of repetitive elements in the S. brasiliensis genome. Mitochondrial genomic comparisons showed the presence of group-I intron encoding homing endonucleases (HE’s) exclusively in S. brasiliensis. Analysis of protein family expansions and contractions in the Sporothrix lineage revealed expansion of LysM domain-containing proteins, small GTPases, PKS type1 and leucin-rich proteins. In contrast, a lack of polysaccharide lyase genes that are associated with decay of plants was observed when compared to other Sordariomycetes and dimorphic fungal pathogens, suggesting evolutionary adaptations from a plant pathogenic or saprobic to an animal pathogenic life style.

Conclusions

Comparative genomic data suggest a unique ecological shift in the Sporothrix lineage from plant-association to mammalian parasitism, which contributes to the understanding of how environmental interactions may shape fungal virulence. . Moreover, the striking differences found in comparison with other dimorphic fungi revealed that dimorphism in these close relatives of plant-associated Sordariomycetes is a case of convergent evolution, stressing the importance of this morphogenetic change in fungal pathogenesis.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Teixeira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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