Antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities of gold nanoparticles generated by methanolic extract of Euphorbia milii

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Mohammad Raza Shah¹  Muhammad Shahid²  Naveed Muhammad³  Abdur Rauf⁴  Ibrahim Khan⁴  Nazar Ul Islam⁴ 

[1]H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

[2]Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

[3]Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

[4]Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

关键词: Sedative;    Muscle relaxant;    Antinociceptive;    Herbal drugs;    Nanotechnology;    Euphorbia milii;    Gold nanoparticles;   

Others  :  1210265
DOI  :  10.1186/s12906-015-0691-7

 received in 2014-04-16, accepted in 2015-05-21,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Nanotechnology has potential future for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing the unwanted effects of herbal drugs. The biological research on Euphorbia species has been supported by the use of some plants in traditional medicines. Many species of Euphorbia have been reported as having strong sedative and analgesic effects. In the present research work gold nanoparticles of Euphorbia milii methanolic extract (Au-EM) were synthesized, characterized and tested for antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities.

Methods

Au-EM was prepared by stirring 1 mM warm trihydrated tetrachloroaurate solution with E. milii methanolic extract without using any external reducing agents. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, infrared spectrophotometery, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy while their stability was evaluated against varying pH and different volumes of sodium chloride (NaCl). The metal sensing capacity of Au-EM was tested towards cobalt, copper, lead, mercury and nickel. Au-EM was evaluated in BALB/c mice at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg for antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities in comparison with the crude E. milii methanolic extract.

Results

Au-EM showed remarkable stability in different NaCl and pH solutions. Au-EM produced significant (P < 0.01) antinociceptive effect at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg as compared to the crude E. milii methanolic extract. In the rotarod test, Au-EM showed significant muscle relaxant effect at 10 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 20 mg/kg (P < 0.01) after 30, 60 and 90 min. In an open field test significant sedative effect (P < 0.05) of Au-EM was observed at 10 and 20 mg/kg. Moreover significant detection sensitivity was demonstrated towards all the tested heavy metals.

Conclusions

These results concluded that the gold nanoparticles improved the potency of E. milii methanolic extract and exhibited significant analgesic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties. The significant metals sensing ability and enhanced stability in different NaCl and pH solutions may enable us to explore different formulations of E. milii gold nanoparticles for potentially effective and safe nano-herbal therapy.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Islam et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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