Evaluating the impact of environmental interventions across 2 countries: the International Bikeshare Impacts on Cycling and Collisions Study (IBICCS) Study protocol

BMC Public Health

Steven Marc Friedman²  Carol Mee⁵  Andi Camden⁵  Elizabeth T Russo³  Kay Teschke⁷  Meghan Winters⁸  Anne-Sophie Dubé⁶  Lise Gauvin¹  Daniel Fuller⁴ 

[1] Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada;Emergency Medicine, Toronto University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;Boston Public Health Commission, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada;Healthy Public Policy, Toronto Public Health, Toronto, Canada;Direction de santé publique de l’Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal, Montréal, Canada;School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada

关键词: Evaluation;    Protocol;    Population health;    Bicycle share program;    Natural experiment;   

Others  :  1125956
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-1103

 received in 2014-08-19, accepted in 2014-10-15,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Few international studies examine public bicycle share programs (PBSP) health impacts. We describe the protocol for the International Bikeshare Impacts on Cycling and Collisions Study (IBICCS).

Methods

A quasi-experimental non-equivalent groups design was used. Intervention cities (Montreal, Toronto, Boston, New York and Vancouver) were matched to control cities (Chicago, Detroit, and Philadelphia) on total population, population density, cycling rates, and average yearly temperature. The study used three repeated, cross-sectional surveys in intervention and control cities in Fall 2012 (baseline), 2013 (year 1), and 2014 (year 2). A non-probabilistic online panel survey with a sampling frame of individuals residing in and around areas where PBSP are/would be implemented was used. A total of 12,000 respondents will be sampled. In each of the 8 cities 1000 respondents will be sampled with an additional 4000 respondents sampled based on the total population of the city. Survey questions include measures of self-rated health, and self-reported height and weight, knowledge and experience using PBSP, physical activity, bicycle helmet use and history of collisions and injuries while cycling, socio-demographic questions, and home/workplace locations. Respondents could complete questionnaires in English, French, and Spanish. Two weights will be applied to the data: inverse probability of selection and post-stratification on age and sex.

A triple difference analysis will be used. This approach includes in the models, time, exposure, and treatment group, and interaction terms between these variables to estimate changes across time, between exposure groups and between cities.

Discussion

There are scientific and practical challenges in evaluating PBSP. Methodological challenges included: appropriate sample recruitment, exchangeability of treatment and control groups, controlling unmeasured confounding, and specifying exposure. Practical challenges arise in the evaluation of environmental interventions such as a PBSP: one of the companies involved filed for bankruptcy, a Hurricane devastated New York City, and one PBSP was not implemented. Overall, this protocol provides methodological and practical guidance for researchers wanting to study PBSP impacts on health.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Fuller et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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