An integrative review of the side effects related to the use of magnesium sulfate for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia management

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Erica Felker-Kantor⁵  Laura Harris¹  Sheena M Currie⁴  Judith Fullerton³  Richard F Lowe²  Jeffrey Michael Smith⁴ 

[1] School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, #7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA;Venture Strategies Innovations, 19200 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 400, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA;Independent Consultant; Professor (Ret.) University of California San Diego, 7717 Canyon Point Lane, San Diego, CA, 92126, USA;Jhpiego, 1776 Massachusetts Ave. NW #300, Washington, DC, 20036, USA;Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

关键词: Side effect;    Magnesium sulfate;    Eclampsia;    Pre-eclampsia;   

Others  :  1138235
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2393-13-34

 received in 2012-08-27, accepted in 2013-01-29,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most common causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries. Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for prevention of seizures as part of comprehensive management of the disease. Despite the compelling evidence for the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate, concern has been expressed about its safety and potential for toxicity, particularly among providers in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this review was to determine whether the literature published in these global settings supports the concerns about the safety of use of magnesium sulfate.

Methods

An integrative review of the literature was conducted to document the known incidences of severe adverse reactions to magnesium sulphate, and specific outcomes of interest related to its use. All types of prospective clinical studies were included if magnesium sulfate was used to manage pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, the study was conducted in a low- or middle-income country, and the study included the recording of the incidence of any adverse side effect resulting from magnesium sulfate use.

Results

A total of 24 studies that compared a magnesium sulfate regimen against other drug regimens and examined side effects among 34 subject groups were included. The overall rate of absent patellar reflex among all 9556 aggregated women was 1.6%, with a range of 0-57%. The overall rate of respiratory depression in 25 subject groups in which this outcome was reported was 1.3%, with a range of 0–8.2%. Delay in repeat administration of magnesium sulfate occurred in 3.6% of cases, with a range of 0-65%. Calcium gluconate was administered at an overall rate of less than 0.2%. There was only one maternal death that was attributed by the study authors to the use of magnesium sulfate among the 9556 women in the 24 studies.

Conclusion

Concerns about safety and toxicity from the use of magnesium sulfate should be mitigated by findings from this integrative review, which indicates a low incidence of the most severe side effects, documented in studies that used a wide variety of standard and modified drug regimens. Adverse effects of concern to providers occur infrequently, and when they occurred, a delay of repeat administration was generally sufficient to mitigate the effect. Early screening and diagnosis of the disease, appropriate treatment with proven drugs, and reasonable vigilance for women under treatment should be adopted as global policy and practice.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Smith et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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