High mosquito burden and malaria transmission in a district of the city of Douala, Cameroon

BMC Infectious Diseases

Parfait Awono-Ambene⁵  Pierre Kengne⁶  Timoléon Tchuinkam¹  Leopold Gustave Lehman²  Cyrille Ndo²  Billy Tene-Fossog⁴  Romuald Tagne-Fotso²  Blaise Defo-Talom¹  Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio³ 

[1] Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang, P.O Box 067, Dschang, Cameroun;Faculty of Sciences University of Douala, P.O. box 24157, Douala, Cameroon;Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon;Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon;Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun;Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224), 911, avenue Agropolis, P.O. Box 64501, Montpellier cedex 5, 34394, France

关键词: Cameroon;    Douala;    Resistance;    Anopheles gambiae;    Transmission;    Malaria;   

Others  :  1159616
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-12-275

 received in 2012-04-26, accepted in 2012-10-29,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Rapid demographic growth in Douala city, Cameroon, has resulted in profound ecological and environmental changes. Although demographic changes can affect anopheline mosquito breeding sites, there is a lack of understanding about the epidemiological impact that such changes might have on vector ecology and malaria transmission.

Methods

A 12-month entomological study was conducted in a highly populated district of Douala called Ndogpassi. Adult mosquitoes were collected using two methods: 1) human landing catches (HLC); and 2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps; these methods were used twice monthly from January to December 2011. Mosquito genus and species were identified with morphological and molecular diagnostic tools. The sampling efficiency of the CDC light trap and HLC were compared. Anopheles gambiae infection with Plasmodium falciparum was detected using ELISA. Susceptibility to DDT, permethrin, and deltamethrin insecticides were also determined.

Results

A total of 6923 mosquitoes were collected by HLC (5198) and CDC light traps (1725). There was no equivalence in the sampling efficiency between light traps and human landing catches (P > 0.01). With 51% of the total, Culex was the most common, followed by Anopheles (26.14%), Mansonia (22.7%) and Aedes (0.1%). An. gambiae ss (M form) comprised ~98% of the total anophelines collected. An. gambiae had a biting rate of 0.25 to 49.25 bites per human per night, and was the only species found to be infected with P. falciparum. A P. falciparum infection rate of 0.5% was calculated (based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using the circumsporozoite surface protein). The entomological inoculation rate was estimated at 31 infective bites per annum. Insecticide susceptibility tests on An. gambiae females revealed a mortality rate of 33%, 76% and 98% for DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. The West African kdr allele (L1014F) was detected in 38 of the 61 An. gambiae analyzed (62.3%).

Conclusions

The present study revealed seasonal malaria transmission in Douala. High levels of An. gambiae were detected along with a high prevalence of insecticide resistance in this vector population. These findings highlight the need to promote use of insecticide-impregnated bed nets in Douala.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Antonio-Nkondjio et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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