Parallel evolution in Ugandan crater lakes: repeated evolution of limnetic body shapes in haplochromine cichlid fish

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Axel Meyer²  Henrik Kusche²  Andreas F Kautt²  Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino¹ 

[1] Department of Biology, Chair of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany;International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany

关键词: Speciation;    Benthic-limnetic;    Parallel evolution;   

Others  :  1121704
DOI  :  10.1186/s12862-015-0287-3

 received in 2014-10-02, accepted in 2015-01-15,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The enormous diversity found in East African cichlid fishes in terms of morphology, coloration, and behavior have made them a model for the study of speciation and adaptive evolution. In particular, haplochromine cichlids, by far the most species-rich lineage of cichlids, are a well-known textbook example for parallel evolution. Southwestern Uganda is an area of high tectonic activity, and is home to numerous crater lakes. Many Ugandan crater lakes were colonized, apparently independently, by a single lineage of haplochromine cichlids. Thereby, this system could be considered a natural experiment in which one can study the interaction between geographical isolation and natural selection promoting phenotypic diversification.

Results

We sampled 13 crater lakes and six potentially-ancestral older lakes and, using both mitochondrial and microsatellite markers, discovered strong genetic and morphological differentiation whereby (a) geographically close lakes tend to be genetically more similar and (b) three different geographic areas seem to have been colonized by three independent waves of colonization from the same source population. Using a geometric morphometric approach, we found that body shape elongation (i.e. a limnetic morphology) evolved repeatedly from the ancestral deeper-bodied benthic morphology in the clear and deep crater lake habitats.

Conclusions

A pattern of strong genetic and morphological differentiation was observed in the Ugandan crater lakes. Our data suggest that body shape changes have repeatedly evolved into a more limnetic-like form in several Ugandan crater lakes after independent waves of colonization from the same source population. The observed morphological changes in crater lake cichlids are likely to result from a common selective regime.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Machado-Schiaffino et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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