Urinary albumin excretion in healthy adults: a cross sectional study of 24-hour versus timed overnight samples and impact of GFR and other personal characteristics

BMC Nephrology

Lars Barregard¹  Borje Haraldsson²  Magnus Akerstrom¹  Gerd Sallsten¹  Peter Fagerstrom¹ 

[1] Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 414, Gothenburg S-405 30, Sweden;Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

关键词: Overnight samples;    24-hour samples;    Timed urine samples;    Urinary albumin;    Glomerular filtration rate;   

Others  :  1122061
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2369-16-8

 received in 2014-09-24, accepted in 2015-01-13,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Urinary albumin can be measured in 24 h or spot samples. The 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate is considered the gold standard, but is cumbersome to collect. Instead, often an overnight sample is collected, and adjusted for dilution. Proxies for 24 h excretion rate have been studied in diabetics, but seldom in healthy individuals. Our aims were to compare 24 h and overnight albumin excretion, to assess the impact of personal characteristics, and to examine correlations between the 24 h excretion rate and proxies such as the albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR).

Methods

Separate 24 h and overnight urine samples were collected from 152 healthy kidney donors. Urinary creatinine, specific gravity, collection time, and sample volume determined. Differences between 24 h and overnight samples were examined, and the effects of age, sex, smoking, body mass, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary flow rate were assessed.

Results

The 24 h albumin excretion rate and ACR were both significantly higher than their overnight counterparts. Unadjusted albumin was unsurprisingly higher in the more concentrated overnight samples, while concentrations adjusted for specific gravity were similar. In multivariate analysis, the 24 h excretion rate and proxies were positively associated with glomerular filtration rate, as was ACR in overnight samples. There were positive associations between urinary albumin and body mass.

Conclusions

Proxies for the 24 h albumin excretion rate showed relatively high correlations with this gold standard, but differences due to sampling period, adjustment method, and personal characteristics were large enough to be worth considering in studies of albumin excretion in healthy individuals.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Fagerstrom et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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Figure 2.

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