期刊论文详细信息
BMC Public Health
Television viewing through ages 2-5 years and bullying involvement in early elementary school
Pauline W Jansen7  Frank C Verhulst7  Albert Hofman2  Hein Raat5  Vincent WV Jaddoe3  Wilma Jansen1  Cathelijne L Mieloo5  René Veenstra4  Henning Tiemeier6  Marina Verlinden7 
[1] Municipality of Rotterdam, Department of Social Development, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2060, Rotterdam 3000 CB, The Netherlands
关键词: Children;    Aggression;    Bullying;    Television;   
Others  :  1145334
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-157
 received in 2013-05-10, accepted in 2014-02-05,  发布年份 2014
PDF
【 摘 要 】

Background

High television exposure time at young age has been described as a potential risk factor for developing behavioral problems. However, less is known about the effects of preschool television on subsequent bullying involvement. We examined the association between television viewing time through ages 2-5 and bullying involvement in the first grades of elementary school. We hypothesized that high television exposure increases the risk of bullying involvement.

Method

TV viewing time was assessed repeatedly in early childhood using parental report. To combine these repeated assessments we used latent class analysis. Four exposure classes were identified and labeled “low”, “mid-low”, “mid-high” and “high”. Bullying involvement was assessed by teacher questionnaire (n = 3423, mean age 6.8 years). Additionally, peer/self-report of bullying involvement was obtained using a peer nomination procedure (n = 1176, mean age 7.6 years). We examined child risk of being a bully, victim or a bully-victim (compared to being uninvolved in bullying).

Results

High television exposure class was associated with elevated risks of bullying and victimization. Also, in both teacher- and child-reported data, children in the high television exposure class were more likely to be a bully-victim (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.42-3.13 and OR = 3.68, 95% CI: 1.75-7.74 respectively). However, all univariate effect estimates attenuated and were no longer statistically significant once adjusted for maternal and child covariates.

Conclusions

The association between television viewing time through ages 2-5 and bullying involvement in early elementary school is confounded by maternal and child socio-demographic characteristics.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Verlinden et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 预 览 】
附件列表
Files Size Format View
20150402030807421.pdf 619KB PDF download
Figure 2. 31KB Image download
Figure 1. 55KB Image download
【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】
  • [1]Olweus D: Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers; 1993.
  • [2]Jansen PW, Verlinden M, Dommisse-van Berkel A, Mieloo C, van der Ende J, Veenstra R, Verhulst FC, Jansen W, Tiemeier H: Prevalence of bullying and victimization among children in early elementary school: Do family and school neighbourhood socioeconomic status matter? BMC Public Health 2012, 12(1):494. BioMed Central Full Text
  • [3]Glew GM, Fan MY, Katon W, Rivara FP, Kernic MA: Bullying, psychosocial adjustment, and academic performance in elementary school. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005, 159(11):1026-1031.
  • [4]Arseneault L, Bowes L, Shakoor S: Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: 'much ado about nothing’? Psychol Med 2010, 40(5):717-729.
  • [5]Camodeca M, Goossens FA: Aggression, social cognitions, anger and sadness in bullies and victims. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005, 46(2):186-197.
  • [6]Salmivalli C, Nieminen E: Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior 2002, 28(1):30-44.
  • [7]Arseneault L, Walsh E, Trzesniewski K, Newcombe R, Caspi A, Moffitt TE: Bullying victimization uniquely contributes to adjustment problems in young children: a nationally representative cohort study. Pediatrics 2006, 118(1):130-138.
  • [8]Kim Y, Leventhal BL, Koh Y, Hubbard A, Boyce W: School bullying and youth violence: Causes or consequences of psychopathologic behavior? Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006, 63(9):1035-1041.
  • [9]Kumpulainen K, Räsänen E, Henttonen I: Children involved in bullying: psychological disturbance and the persistence of the involvement. Child Abuse Negl 1999, 23(12):1253-1262.
  • [10]Hodges EVE, Perry DG: Personal and interpersonal antecedents and consequences of victimization by peers. J Pers Soc Psychol 1999, 76(4):677-685.
  • [11]Sourander A, Jensen P, Rönning JA, Niemelä S, Helenius H, Sillanmäki L, Kumpulainen K, Piha J, Tamminen T, Moilanen I, et al.: What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The finnish “from a boy to a man” study. Pediatrics 2007, 120(2):397-404.
  • [12]Smith SL, Donnerstein E: Harmful Effects of Exposure to Media Violence: Learning of Aggression, Emotional Desensitization, and Fear. In Human Aggression: Theories, Research, and Implications for Social Policy. Edited by Geen RG, Donnerstein E. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1998:167-202.
  • [13]Huesmann LR, Kirwil L: Why Observing Violence Increases the Risk of Violent Behavior by the Observer. In The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression. Edited by Flannery DJ, Vazsonyi AT, Waldman ID. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2007:545-570.
  • [14]Bandura A, Ross D, Ross SA: Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 1961, 63:575-582.
  • [15]Paik H, Comstock G: The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis1. Commun Res 1994, 21(4):516-546.
  • [16]Josephson WL: Television violence and children’s aggression: Testing the priming, social script, and disinhibition predictions. J Pers Soc Psychol 1987, 53(5):882-890.
  • [17]Willoughby T, Adachi PJC, Good M: A longitudinal study of the association between violent video game play and aggression among adolescents. Dev Psychol 2012, 48(4):1044-1057.
  • [18]Bandura A: Social learning theory of aggression. J Commun 1978, 28(3):12-29.
  • [19]Murray JP: The Violent Face of Television: Research and Discussion. In The Faces of Televisual Media: Teaching, Violence, Selling to Children. 2nd edition. Edited by Palmer EL, Young BM. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2003.
  • [20]Robinson TN, Wilde ML, Navracruz LC, Haydel K, Varady A: Effects of reducing children’s television and video game use on aggressive behavior: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2001, 155(1):17-23.
  • [21]Johnson JG, Cohen P, Smailes EM, Kasen S, Brook JS: Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Science 2002, 295(5564):2468-2471.
  • [22]Verlinden M, Tiemeier H, Hudziak JJ, Jaddoe VW, Raat H, Guxens M, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Jansen PW: Television viewing and externalizing problems in preschool children: The generation r study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012, 166(10):919-925.
  • [23]Anderson DR, Huston AC, Schmitt KL, Linebarger DL, Wright JC, Larson R: Early childhood television viewing and adolescent behavior: the recontact study. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2001, 66(No. 1):1-154. i-viii
  • [24]Zimmerman FJ, Glew GM, Christakis DA, Katon W: Early cognitive stimulation, emotional support, and television watching as predictors of subsequent bullying among grade-school children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005, 159(4):384-388.
  • [25]Pagani LS, Fitzpatrick C, Barnett TA, Dubow E: Prospective associations between early childhood television exposure and academic, psychosocial, and physical well-being by middle childhood. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010, 164(5):425-431.
  • [26]Jansen D, Veenstra R, Ormel J, Verhulst F, Reijneveld S: Early risk factors for being a bully, victim, or bully/victim in late elementary and early secondary education. The longitudinal TRAILS study. BMC Public Health 2011, 11(1):440. BioMed Central Full Text
  • [27]Salmivalli C, Lagerspetz K, Björkqvist K, Österman K, Kaukiainen A: Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behav 1996, 22(1):1-15.
  • [28]Mistry KB, Minkovitz CS, Strobino DM, Borzekowski DLG: Children’s television exposure and behavioral and social outcomes at 5.5 years: does timing of exposure matter? Pediatrics 2007, 120(4):762-769.
  • [29]Christakis DA, Zimmerman FJ, DiGiuseppe DL, McCarty CA: Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics 2004, 113(4):708-713.
  • [30]Jaddoe VW, van Duijn CM, Franco OH, van der Heijden AJ, van Iizendoorn MH, de Jongste JC, van der Lugt A, Mackenbach JP, Moll HA, Raat H, et al.: The generation R study: design and cohort update 2012. Eur J Epidemiol 2012, 27(9):739-756.
  • [31]Tiemeier H, Velders FP, Szekely E, Roza SJ, Dieleman G, Jaddoe VWV, Uitterlinden AG, White TJH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Hofman A, et al.: The generation r study: a review of design, findings to date, and a study of the 5-HTTLPR by environmental interaction from fetal life onward. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012, 51(11):1119-1135. e1117
  • [32]Verlinden M, Veenstra R, Ringoot AP, Jansen PW, Raat H, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H: Detecting bullying in early elementary school with a computerized peer-nomination instrument. Psychol Assess 2014, 10:10.
  • [33]Veenstra R, Lindenberg S, Oldehinkel AJ, De Winter AF, Verhulst FC, Ormel J: Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: a comparison of bullies, victims, bully/victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Dev Psychol 2005, 41(4):672-682.
  • [34]Ozmert E, Toyran M, Yurdakok K: Behavioral correlates of television viewing in primary school children evaluated by the child behavior checklist. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002, 156(9):910-914.
  • [35]Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA: Manual for ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth and Families; 2000.
  • [36]Statistics Netherlands: Standaard Onderwijsindeling. Voorburg/Heerlen: Central Bureau of Statistics; 2004.
  • [37]Derogatis LR: The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): Administration, Scoring and Procedures. Manual. 3rd edition. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer System, Inc.; 1993.
  • [38]De Brock AJLL, Vermulst AA, Gerris JRM, Abidin RR: Nijmeegse Ouderlijke Stress Index (NOSI) - manual. Lissie: Swets en Zeitlinger; 1992.
  • [39]Wijtzes AI, Jansen W, Kamphuis CBM, Jaddoe VWV, Moll HA, Tiemeier H, Verhulst FC, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Raat H: Increased risk of exceeding entertainment-media guidelines in preschool children from low socioeconomic background: the generation R Study. Prev Med 2012, 55(4):325-329.
  • [40]Acevedo-Polakovich ID, Lorch EP, Milich R: Comparing television use and reading in children with ADHD and non-referred children across two age groups. Media Psychol 2007, 9(2):447-472.
  • [41]Jordan AB, Hersey JC, McDivitt JA, Heitzler CD: Reducing children’s television-viewing time: a qualitative study of parents and their children. Pediatrics 2006, 118(5):e1303-e1310.
  • [42]Huesmann LR: Psychological processes promoting the relation between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior by the viewer. J Soc Issues 1986, 42(3):125-139.
  • [43]Anderson CA, Gentile DA, Buckley KE: Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc; 2007.
  • [44]Wijtzes AI, Jansen W, Jaddoe VW, Moll HA, Tiemeier H, Verhulst FC, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Raat H: Ethnic background and television viewing time among 4-year-old preschool children: the generation R study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2013, 34(2):63-71. 10.1097/DBP.1090b1013e31827b31163a
  • [45]Fergusson DM, Lynskey MT: Maternal age and cognitive and behavioural outcomes in middle childhood. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1993, 7(1):77-91.
  • [46]Boe T, Sivertsen B, Heiervang E, Goodman R, Lundervold AJ, Hysing M: Socioeconomic status and child mental health: the role of parental emotional well-being and parenting practices. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2013, 23:23.
  • [47]Lempers JD, Clark-Lempers D, Simons RL: Economic hardship, parenting, and distress in adolescence. Child Dev 1989, 60(1):25-39.
  • [48]Galobardes B, Shaw M, Lawlor DA, Lynch JW, Davey Smith G: Indicators of socioeconomic position (part 1). J Epidemiol Community Health 2006, 60(1):7-12.
  • [49]Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, et al.: Socioeconomic status in health research: one size does not fit all. JAMA 2005, 294(22):2879-2888.
  • [50]McLoyd VC: The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Dev 1990, 61(2):311-346.
  文献评价指标  
  下载次数:21次 浏览次数:16次