Parental overprotection engenders dysfunctional attitudes about achievement and dependency in a gender-specific manner

BMC Psychiatry

Masanori Enokido¹  Ryoichi Sadahiro¹  Naoshi Shibuya¹  Yoshihiko Matsumoto¹  Koichi Otani Akihito Suzuki¹ 

[1]Department of Psychiatry, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan

关键词: PBI;    Parenting;    DAS-24;    Dysfunctional attitude;   

Others  :  1123851
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-244X-13-345

 received in 2013-11-19, accepted in 2013-12-18,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

It has been suggested that dysfunctional attitudes, cognitive vulnerability to depression, have developmental origins. The present study examined the effects of parental rearing on dysfunctional attitudes in three areas of life with special attention to gender specificity.

Methods

The subjects were 665 Japanese healthy volunteers. Dysfunctional attitudes were assessed by the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, which has the Achievement, Dependency and Self-control subscales. Perceived parental rearing was assessed by the Parental Bonding Instrument, which has the Care and Protection subscales.

Results

Higher scores of the Achievement (β = 0.293, p < 0.01) and Dependency (β = 0.224, p < 0.05) subscales were correlated with higher scores of the Protection subscale in the combination of mother and daughter, but not in other combinations of parents and recipients. Scores of the Self-control subscale were not correlated with paternal or maternal rearing scores.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that parental overprotection engenders dysfunctional attitudes about achievement and dependency in a gender-specific manner.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Suzuki et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Clark DA, Beck AT, Alford BA: Scientific Foundations of Cognitive Theory and Therapy of Depression. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1999.
• [2]Dozois DJA, Beck AT: Cognitive schemas, beliefs and assumptions. In Risk Factors for Depression. Edited by Dobson KS, Dozois DJA. Oxford: Elsevier; 2008:121-143.
• [3]Weissman AN, Beck AT: Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A preliminary investigation. Toronto: Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association; 1978.
• [4]Power MJ, Katz R, McGuffin P, Duggan CF, Lam D, Beck AT: The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS). A comparison of forms A and B and proposals for a new subscaled version. J Res Personality 1994, 28:263-276.
• [5]Otani K, Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, Shibuya N, Sadahiro R, Enokido M, Kamata M: Relationship of the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale with the temperament and character inventroy in healthy subjects. Nord J Psychiatry 2012. Epub ahead of print
• [6]Cloninger CR, Przybeck TR, Svrakic DM, Wetzel RD: The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. St. Louis (Mo): Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University; 1994.
• [7]Bowlby J: The making and breaking of affectional bonds: I. Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory. Br J Psychiatry 1977, 130:201-210.
• [8]Bowlby J: Developmental psychiatry comes of age. Am J Psychiatry 1988, 145:1-10.
• [9]Parker G, Tupling H, Brown LB: A parental bonding instrument. Br J Med Psychol 1979, 52:1-10.
• [10]Otani K, Suzuki A, Matsumoto Y, Kamata M: Parental overprotection increases interpersonal sensitivity in healthy subjects. Compr Psychiatry 2009, 50:54-57.
• [11]Otani K, Suzuki A, Kamata M, Matsumoto Y, Shibuya N, Sadahiro R, Enokido M: Parental overprotection increases sociotropy with gender specificity in parents and recipients. J Affect Disord 2012, 136:824-827.
• [12]Whisman MA, Kwon P: Parental representations, cognitive distortions, and mild depression. Cogn Ther Res 1992, 16:557-568.
• [13]Randolf JJ, Dykman BM: Perceptions of parenting and depression-proneness in the offspring: Dysfunctional attitudes as a mediating mechanism. Cogn Ther Res 1998, 22:377-400.
• [14]First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBM: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders – Clinician Version. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC; 1997.
• [15]Tajima M, Akiyama T, Numa H, Kawamura Y, Okada Y, Sakai Y, Miyake Y, Ono Y, Power MJ: Reliability and validity of Japanese version of the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2007, 19:362-367.
• [16]Ogawa M: A study on the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument). Seishinkachiryogaku 1991, 6:1193-1201. (in Japanese)
• [17]Boyce P, Parker G: Development of a scale to measure interpersonal sensitivity. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1989, 23:341-351.
• [18]Gabbard GO: Psychoanalysis. In Kaplan and Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 7th edition. Edited by Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:563-607.