Survey of Brucella infection and malaria among Abattoir workers in Kampala and Mbarara Districts, Uganda

BMC Public Health

George William Nasinyama³  Deogratius Kaddu-Mulindwa²  Immaculate Nabukenya¹ 

[1]Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

[2]Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda

[3]Directorate of Research and Graduate Training, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

关键词: Seropositivity;    STAT;    MAT;    Zoonoses;    Abattoir workers;    Brucellosis;    Malaria;    Brucella;   

Others  :  1161721
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-901

 received in 2013-02-19, accepted in 2013-09-24,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Brucellosis is among the most widespread zoonotic infections estimated at 14% in Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the sero-prevalence, risk factors of Brucella infection and malaria among abattoir workers.

Methods

A survey was conducted among 232 abattoir workers in main abattoirs of Kampala and Mbarara districts in February 2007. A pre-tested questionnaire captured socio-demographic and occupational data. Brachial vein blood was tested for Brucella using Microplate Agglutination Test (MAT) and Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) with a cut off titre of 1:160, and giemsa stained blood slides for malaria. Data was analyzed in SPSS 17.0.

Results

Seven males (3%, n = 232) had malaria and dual brucella and Plasmodium falciparum malaria was found in one person. Brucella sero-positivity was 10% (95% CI 6 – 16; n = 232) with 12% (n = 161) in Kampala and 7% (n = 71) in Mbarara district. Non-use of protective gear Odds ratio (OR 3.3, 95% CI (1.25 – 50) and working in the abattoir beyond 5 years OR 2.4 95% CI (1.4 – 5.6) were associated with increased risk of Brucella infection. Age, sex, religion, keeping animals and consumption of raw milk or products were not significant.

Conclusions

Brucella infection is a real risk among abattoir workers and use of full protective gear reduced risk significantly. Sensitization and public health care programs are needed to control this emerging problem.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Nabukenya et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Ayyildiz A: Survey of brucellosis seroprevalence in risk groups in Erzurum, Turkey. Prague / Czech Republic: 14th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; 2004.
• [2]Nakavuma JKS, Opuda-Asibo J: Serostudy of Brucella abortus in cattle and goat in central and southern Uganda. Uganda J Agric Sc 1999, 4:13-18.
• [3]WHO: Zoonoses and Food Safety, in World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland; 2006.
• [4]Dean AS, et al.: Global Burden of Human Brucellosis: A Systematic Review of Disease Frequency. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012, 6(10):e1865.
• [5]Markos M, et al.: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Human Brucellosis in Central Greece. J Infect Dis 2007, 60(6):362-366.
• [6]Pappas G, et al.: The new global map of human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2006, 6:91-99.
• [7]Abdollahi A, et al.: Brucellosis serology in HIV-infected patients. Int J Infect Dis 2010, 14(10):e904-e906.
• [8]Schelling E, et al.: Brucellosis and Q-fever seroprevalences of nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in Chad. Prev Vet Med 2003, 61(4):279-293.
• [9]Henk LS, Cutler SJ: Contributions of biotechnology to the control and prevention of brucellosis in Africa. Afr J Biotechnol 2004, 3(12):631-636.
• [10]Ofukwu AR, Yohanna CA, Abuh HA: Brucella infection among hospital patients in Makurdi, North central Nigeria. Niger J Parasitol 2006, 16:73-78.
• [11]Jennings GJ, et al.: Brucellosis as a cause of acute febrile illness in Egypt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007, 101:707-713.
• [12]Afifi S, et al.: Hospital-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in Egypt: a focus on community-acquired bloodstream infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005, 73(2):392-399.
• [13]Bernard F, et al.: Tuberculosis and brucellosis prevalence survey on dairy cattle in Mbarara milk basin. Uganda Prev Vet Med J 2005, 67(4):267-281.
• [14]Ssekawojjwa E: Risk factors for brucellosis seroprevalence in cattle, goats and human beings in Uganda. Kampala: MSc Thesis Makerere Univesity; 2006.
• [15]Ndyabahinduka DG, Chu IH: Brucellosis in Uganda. Int J Zoonoses 1984, 11:59-64.
• [16]Mutanda LN: Selected laboratory tests in febrile patients in Kampala Uganda. East Afr Med J 1998, 75(2):68-72.
• [17]Barbuddhe SB, et al.: Seropositivity for intracellular bacterial infections among abattoir associated personnels. J Commun Dis 2000, 32(4):255-259.
• [18]Mukhtar F, Kokab F: Brucella serology in abattoir workers. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008, 20(3):57-61.
• [19]Badiaga S, et al.: Imported Brucellosis associated with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a traveler returning from the tropics. J Travel Med 2005, 12(5):282-284.
• [20]Martin SW, Meek AH, Willeberg P: Veterinary Epidemiology; Principles and methods. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 1987.
• [21]Lucero NE, Bolpe JE: The buffered plate antigen as a screening test for Human Brucellosis. J Clin Micrbiol 1998, 36:1425-1427.
• [22]Maichomo M, et al.: Study of brucellosis in a pastoral community and evaluation of the usefulness of clinical signs and symptoms in differentiating it from other flu-like diseases. Afr J Health Sci 2000, 7(3–4):114-119.
• [23]Kaufmann AF, et al.: Airborne spread of brucellosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006, 353:105-114.
• [24]John K, et al.: Quantifying Risk Factors for Human Brucellosis in Rural Northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2010, 5(4):e9968.