Sex and parasites: genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae, the biotrophic and plant-castrating anther smut fungus

BMC Genomics

Christina A. Cuomo²  David J. Schultz⁸  Michael E. Hood⁴  Tatiana Giraud¹  Hadi Quesneville⁵  Toni Gabaldón^1,10  Dominique Razeeq⁸  Jared Andrews⁸  Helene Badouin¹  Elsa Petit⁶  Gabriela Aguileta³  Qiandong Zeng²  Sarah Young²  Bernard Henrissat⁶  Sebastien Duplessis⁹  Jonathan Goldberg²  Zehua Chen²  Su San Toh⁸  Eric Fontanillas¹  Joelle Amselem⁷  Michael H Perlin⁸ 

[1] CNRS, Orsay, F-91405, France;Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 02142, MA, USA;Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain;Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst 01002, MA, USA;Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Versailles, France;Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7257, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, 13288, France;Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie et gestion des risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Thiverval-Grignon, France;Department of Biology, Program on Disease Evolution, University of Louisville, Louisville 40292, KY, USA;UMR 1136, Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;Institució Catalana d’Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain

关键词: Pathogen alteration of host development;    Mating-type chromosomes;    Transposable elements;    CAZymes;    Anther smuts;    Microbotryum violaceum;   

Others  :  1216173
DOI  :  10.1186/s12864-015-1660-8

 received in 2014-12-18, accepted in 2015-05-28,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The genus Microbotryum includes plant pathogenic fungi afflicting a wide variety of hosts with anther smut disease. Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae infects Silene latifolia and replaces host pollen with fungal spores, exhibiting biotrophy and necrosis associated with altering plant development.

Results

We determined the haploid genome sequence for M. lychnidis-dioicae and analyzed whole transcriptome data from plant infections and other stages of the fungal lifecycle, revealing the inventory and expression level of genes that facilitate pathogenic growth. Compared to related fungi, an expanded number of major facilitator superfamily transporters and secretory lipases were detected; lipase gene expression was found to be altered by exposure to lipid compounds, which signaled a switch to dikaryotic, pathogenic growth. In addition, while enzymes to digest cellulose, xylan, xyloglucan, and highly substituted forms of pectin were absent, along with depletion of peroxidases and superoxide dismutases that protect the fungus from oxidative stress, the repertoire of glycosyltransferases and of enzymes that could manipulate host development has expanded. A total of 14 % of the genome was categorized as repetitive sequences. Transposable elements have accumulated in mating-type chromosomal regions and were also associated across the genome with gene clusters of small secreted proteins, which may mediate host interactions.

Conclusions

The unique absence of enzyme classes for plant cell wall degradation and maintenance of enzymes that break down components of pollen tubes and flowers provides a striking example of biotrophic host adaptation.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Perlin et al.

【 图 表 】

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