Family income trajectory during childhood is associated with adiposity in adolescence: a latent class growth analysis

BMC Public Health

Margaret Tresch Owen¹  Margaret O Caughy²  Darla E Kendzor² 

[1] The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA;UT Southwestern Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Population Science and Cancer Control Program, Dallas, TX, USA

关键词: Childhood;    Obesity;    Skinfold thickness;    Waist circumference;    BMI;    Poverty;    Socioeconomic status;    USA;   

Others  :  1163363
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-12-611

 received in 2012-03-07, accepted in 2012-07-28,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been linked with obesity in cross-sectional research, although less is known about how changes in socioeconomic status influence the development of obesity. Researchers have hypothesized that upward socioeconomic mobility may attenuate the health effects of earlier socioeconomic disadvantage; while downward socioeconomic mobility might have a negative influence on health despite relative socioeconomic advantages at earlier stages. The purpose of the current study was to characterize trajectories of family income during childhood, and to evaluate the influence of these trajectories on adiposity at age 15.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) between 1991 and 2007 at 10 sites across the United States. A latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was conducted to identify trajectories of family income from birth to 15 years of age. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to determine whether measures of adiposity differed by trajectory, while controlling for relevant covariates.

Results

The LCGA supported a 5-class trajectory model, which included two stable, one downward, and two upward trajectories. ANCOVAs indicated that BMI percentile, waist circumference, and skinfold thicknesses at age 15 differed significantly by trajectory, such that those who experienced downward mobility or stable low income had greater adiposity relative to the more advantaged trajectories. Conversely, upwardly mobile children and those with consistently adequate incomes had similar and more positive outcomes relative to the most disadvantaged trajectories.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that promoting upward socioeconomic mobility among disadvantaged families may have a positive impact on obesity-related outcomes in adolescence.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Kendzor et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM: Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA 2010, 303(3):242-249.
• [2]Abrams P, Levitt Katz LE: Metabolic effects of obesity causing disease in childhood. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011, 18(1):23-27.
• [3]Gordon-Larsen P, The NS, Adair LS: Longitudinal trends in obesity in the United States from adolescence to the third decade of life. Obesity 2010, 18(9):1801-1804.
• [4]Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JWR, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJM: Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev 2008, 9(5):474-488.
• [5]Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL: Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA 2004, 291(10):1238-1245.
• [6]De Gonzalez AB, Hartge P, Cerhan JR, Flint AJ, Hannan L, MacInnis RJ, Moore SC, Tobias GS, Anton-Culver H, Freeman LB, et al.: Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. N Engl J Med 2010, 363(23):2211-2219.
• [7]Goodman E, Slap GB, Huang B: The public health impact of socioeconomic status on adolescent depression and obesity. Am J Public Health 2003, 93(11):1844-1850.
• [8]Goodman E: The role of socioeconomic status gradients in explaining differences in US adolescents' health. Am J Public Health 1999, 89(10):1522-1528.
• [9]Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM: The relationship of ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and overweight in U.S. adolescents. Obes Res 2003, 11(1):121-129.
• [10]Wang Y, Beydoun MA: The obesity epidemic in the United States–gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev 2007, 29:6-28.
• [11]Senese LC, Almeida ND, Fath AK, Smith BT, Loucks EB: Associations between childhood socioeconomic position and adulthood obesity. Epidemiol Rev 2009, 31(1):21-51.
• [12]Parsons TJ, Power C, Logan S, Summerbell CD: Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review. Int J Obes 1999, 23(SUPPL. 8):S1-S107.
• [13]Wells NM, Evans GW, Beavis A, Ong AD: Early childhood poverty, cumulative risk exposure, and body mass index trajectories through young adulthood. Am J Public Health 2010, 100(12):2507-2512.
• [14]Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Chen E, Matthews KA: Childhood socioeconomic status and adult health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010, 1186:37-55.
• [15]Pollitt RA, Rose KM, Kaufman JS: Evaluating the evidence for models of life course socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Publ Health 2005, 5:7. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Hallqvist J, Lynch J, Bartley M, Lang T, Blane D: Can we disentangle life course processes of accumulation, critical period and social mobility? An analysis of disadvantaged socio-economic positions and myocardial infarction in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program. Soc Sci Med 2004, 58(8):1555-1562.
• [17]Ziol-Guest KM, Duncan GJ, Kalil A: Early childhood poverty and adult body mass index. Am J Public Health 2009, 99(3):527-532.
• [18]National Institute of Child Health & Human Development: Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD): study overview. 2012. Access date June 8, 2012 http://www.nichd.nih.gov/research/supported/seccyd/overview.cfm webcite
• [19]Network NECCR: Child care and child development: the NICHD study of early child care. In Developmental follow-up: concepts, domains, and methods. Edited by Friedman SL, Haywood HC. New York: Academic Press; 1994:377-396.
• [20]U.S Census Bureau: Poverty thresholds, 1991. Access date February 23, 2011. 2010. http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/thresh91.html webcite
• [21]Nader PR, Bradley RH, Houts RM, McRitchie SL, O’Brien M: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. JAMA: J Am Med Assoc 2008, 300(3):295-305.
• [22]Nader PR, O'Brien M, Houts R, Bradley R, Belsky J, Crosnoe R, Friedman S, Mei Z, Susman EJ, Health ftNIoC, et al.: Identifying risk for obesity in early childhood. Pediatrics 2006, 118(3):e594-e601.
• [23]Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, et al.: 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: Methods and development. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2002., 11(246) Access date February 23, 2011.http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_11/sr11_246.pd webcite
• [24]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: About BMI for children and teens. 2011. Access Date June 8, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/childrens_bmi/about_childrens_bmi.html webcite
• [25]Flegal KM, Ogden CL: Childhood obesity: are we all speaking the same language? Adv Nutr 2011, 2(2):159S-166S.
• [26]Himes JH: Challenges of accurately measuring and using BMI and other indicators of obesity in children. Pediatrics 2009, 124(Supplement 1):S3-S22.
• [27]Jung T, Wickrama KAS: An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling. Soc Personal Psychol Compass 2008, 2(1):302-317.
• [28]Curhan GC, Chertow GM, Willett WC, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Manson JE, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ: Birth weight and adult hypertension and obesity in women. Circulation 1996, 94(6):1310-1315.
• [29]Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Ascherio AL, Stampfer MJ: Birth weight and adult hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men. Circulation 1996, 94(12):3246-3250.
• [30]Rogers I: The influence of birthweight and intrauterine environment on adiposity and fat distribution in later life. Int J Obes 2003, 27(7):755-777.
• [31]Hughes AR, Sherriff A, Lawlor DA, Ness AR, Reilly JJ: Timing of excess weight gain in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Pediatrics 2011, 127(3):e730-e736.
• [32]Hankinson AL, Daviglus ML, Bouchard C, Carnethon M, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Liu K, Sidney S: Maintaining a high physical activity level over 20 years and weight gain. JAMA 2010, 304(23):2603-2610.
• [33]The NS, Suchindran C, North KE, Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P: Association of adolescent obesity with risk of severe obesity in adulthood. JAMA 2010, 304(18):2042-2047.
• [34]Hingle MD, O'Connor TM, Dave JM, Baranowski T: Parental involvement in interventions to improve child dietary intake: a systematic review. Prev Med 2010, 51(2):103-111.
• [35]Hollar D, Lombardo M, Lopez-Mitnik G, Hollar TL, Almon M, Agatston AS, Messiah SE: Effective multi-level, multi-sector, school-based obesity prevention programming improves weight, blood pressure, and academic performance, especially among low-income, minority children. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2010, 21(2 Suppl):93-108.
• [36]Hollar D, Messiah SE, Lopez-Mitnik G, Hollar TL, Almon M, Agatston AS: Effect of a two-year obesity prevention intervention on percentile changes in body mass index and academic performance in low-income elementary school children. Am J Public Health 2010, 100(4):646-653.
• [37]Sturm R, Powell LM, Chriqui JF, Chaloupka FJ: Soda taxes, soft drink consumption, and children's body mass index. Health Aff 2010, 29(5):1052-1058.
• [38]Adler NE, Stewart J: Health disparities across the lifespan: meaning, methods, and mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010, 1186:5-23.