Iodine deficiency and thyroid nodular pathology - epidemiological and cancer characteristics in different populations: Portugal and South Africa

BMC Research Notes

Miguel Castelo Branco¹  Isabel Marques Carreira²  Miguel Freitas⁴  William John Kalk³  José Eduardo Carvalho Santos¹ 

[1] Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal;CIMAGO–Centre of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, Coimbra, Portugal;Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

关键词: Seafood nutrition;    Iodized salt;    Iodine nutrition;    Iodine deficiency;    Anaplastic carcinoma;    Follicular carcinoma;    Papillary carcinoma;    Goiter;    Thyroid;   

Others  :  1231620
DOI  :  10.1186/s13104-015-1155-3

 received in 2014-07-21, accepted in 2015-04-29,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The prevalence and pathology pattern of iodine deficiency (ID) related disorders are influenced by the dietary iodine intake: low iodine leads to thyroid nodular enlargement, to an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer, an increase in anaplastic carcinomas and to an alteration in the papillary to follicular neoplasia ratio. This study aims at highlighting the effects of ID by comparatively evaluating the pattern of thyroid nodular pathology in different populations that, although geographically distant and heterogeneous, both had iodine deficiency at the time of data gathering and are at high altitude: Beira Interior (BI) in Portugal and Johannesburg (JHB) in South Africa. (S.A.) Mandatory salt iodization introduced in S. A. in 1995 has recently been shown to have resulted in the correction of ID.

Methods

Evaluation of thyroid histology reports over a 6 year period in BI and a 5 year period in the JHB area.

Results

Region of BI: 278 patients with histology reports-60 were malignancies (21.2 %): 31 papillary carcinomas, 22 follicular cancers (18 follicular carcinomas and 4 Hürthle cell tumours), 3 medullary carcinomas and 4 anaplastic carcinomas. Region of JHB: 136 histology reports- 33 were malignancies (24.3 %): 13 papillary carcinomas, 15 follicular cancers (10 follicular carcinomas and 5 Hürthle cell tumours), 1 medullary carcinoma, 3 anaplastic carcinomas and 1 metastatic carcinoma into the thyroid. There was an overlap in the frequencies of all histology types, of particular relevance in the relatively high anaplastic carcinoma incidences and in the papillary to follicular carcinoma ratios which was close to 1 in both areas- BI area ratio: 1.4 and JHB area ratio: 0.87, with overlapping 95 % CI’s, also confirmed by the results of the chi-square calculations.

Conclusions

During the study periods evaluated both study areas displayed pathology patterns usually found in ID. Public information regarding the negative consequences of ID combined with the availability of affordable iodized salt are likely to achieve the goal of the elimination of ID. Sea based nutrition, (naturally iodine containing), may also contribute to the elimination of ID, particularly at times when salt restriction tends to be generally advised.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Santos et al.

【 图 表 】

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