Dietary intake practices associated with cardiovascular risk in urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Patrick Kolsteren³  Silvana Donoso²  John Van Camp¹  Susana Andrade¹  Carl Lachat³  Roosmarijn Verstraeten³  Angélica Ochoa-Avilés¹ 

[1] Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;Food Nutrition and Health Program, Universidad de Cuenca, Avenida 12 de Abril y Avenida Loja, Cuenca, Ecuador;Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium

关键词: Socioeconomic status;    Cardiovascular risk;    Adolescents;    Diet;   

Others  :  1127936
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-939

 received in 2013-08-07, accepted in 2014-08-15,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. Risk factors of CVD develop during childhood and adolescence, and dietary quality has been linked to the development of CVD itself. This study examines the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk in a group of urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2008 to April 2009 among 606 adolescents from the 8th, 9th and 10th grade in an urban area (Cuenca), and 173 adolescents from a rural area (Nabón) in Ecuador. Data collection involved measuring anthropometric data (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, dietary intake (2-day 24 h recall) and socio-demographic characteristics. Fasting blood lipids and glucose were measured in a subsample of 334 adolescents. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and linear regression models were used to (i) identify differences in food intake practices according to socioeconomic status and place of residence and (ii) establish relationships between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

Median energy intake was 1851 kcal/day. Overall, fiber, fish and fruit and vegetables were scarcely consumed, while added sugar, refined cereals and processed food were important constituents of the diet. Two dietary patterns emerged, one labelled as “rice-rich non-animal fat pattern” and the other one as “wheat-dense animal-fat pattern”. The first pattern was correlated with a moderate increase in glucose in urban participants, while the second pattern was associated with higher LDL and cholesterol blood levels in rural participants.

Conclusions

This group of adolescents presented various dietary practices conducive to CVD development. Effective strategies are needed to prevent CVD in the Ecuadorian population by encouraging a balanced diet, which contains less refined cereals, added sugar, and processed food, but has more fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereals.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Ochoa-Avilés et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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