Elevated arterial blood pressure and body mass index among Nigerian preschool children population

BMC Pediatrics

Uchenna Ekwochi⁶  Osita U Ezenwosu¹  Oluwatoyin A Odetunde³  Henrietta U Okafor²  Josephat M Chinawa⁴  Emeka E Neboh²  Odutola I Odetunde⁵ 

[1] Oncology and Hematology Unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, UNTH, PMB 01129, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria;Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria;Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria;Cardiology Unit, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, UNTH, PMB 01129, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria;Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, UNTH, PMB 01129 Ituku-Ozalla Enugu State, Nigeria;Department of Pediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

关键词: Nigeria;    Preschool children;    Body mass index (BMI);    Pre-hypertension;    Hypertension;   

Others  :  1138978
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2431-14-64

 received in 2013-06-20, accepted in 2014-02-26,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Arterial blood pressure tends to rise with growth and development. Elevated blood pressure (EBP) in children usually occurs during the first two decades of life, and the children with hypertension tend to grow into adulthood with the high level of blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension in children is increasing, the causes likely to be of different combination of factors. In this study we ascertained the prevalence of EBP in pre-school children in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria and also determined its association with some factors like the Body Mass Index (BMI), urinalysis finding, family history, gender, age and socioeconomic class.

Method

A Stratified method of sampling was used to select subjects from registered nursery schools (Pre- elementary school) within Enugu metropolis. Physical examination of the recruited pupils was done with emphasis on arterial blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and urinalysis.

Result

Six hundred and thirty children (630) were studied out of which 345 (54.8%) were males and 285 (45.2%) were females. Sustained EBP (mainly systolic) were recorded in 12 pupils (1.9%) giving a prevalence of 1.9% of the pre-school population. The twelve (1.9%) pupils were all 5 years of age (p value = 0.001) and 11 (1.72%) of them were of under-weight BMI. The prevalence of obesity is 0.5% and that of under-weight is 92% of the studied population. There is no association between EBP and obesity (p value = 0.679). All the pupils with EBP had protein-free urine and no hematuria.

Conclusions

EBP and under-weight malnutrition is common in children in 5 years age group. EBP in preschool children is not influenced by their body mass index, urinalysis finding, gender, family history of hypertension or socioeconomic class.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Odetunde et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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