International Clostridium difficile animal strain collection and large diversity of animal associated strains

BMC Microbiology

Maja Rupnik²  Mark H Wilcox³  J Glenn Songer⁸  J Scott Weese^1,12  Matjaz Ocepek⁹  Alena Jiraskova¹  Ilenia Drigo⁵  Vincent Perreten^1,11  Ian R Poxton⁴  Cristina Rodriguez Diaz^1,10  Christian Seyboldt^1,14  Jose Luis Blanco⁶  Branko Kokotovic^1,13  Alexander Indra^1,16  Bart Pardon⁷  Valerija Zidaric^1,15  Sandra Janezic^1,15 

[1] Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic;Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Ljubljana, Slovenia;Department of Medical Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK;University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;IZSVe, Treviso, Italy;Complutense University, Madrid, Spain;Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA;University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia;University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege, Belgium;University of Bern, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Bern, Switzerland;University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Ontario, Canada;Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark;Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena, Germany;National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia;Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria

关键词: Strain collection;    Geographic distribution;    Ribotyping;    Animals;    Clostridium difficile;   

Others  :  1140855
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2180-14-173

 received in 2014-03-11, accepted in 2014-06-19,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Clostridium difficile is an important cause of intestinal infections in some animal species and animals might be a reservoir for community associated human infections. Here we describe a collection of animal associated C. difficile strains from 12 countries based on inclusion criteria of one strain (PCR ribotype) per animal species per laboratory.

Results

Altogether 112 isolates were collected and distributed into 38 PCR ribotypes with agarose based approach and 50 PCR ribotypes with sequencer based approach. Four PCR ribotypes were most prevalent in terms of number of isolates as well as in terms of number of different host species: 078 (14.3% of isolates; 4 hosts), 014/020 (11.6%; 8 hosts); 002 (5.4%; 4 hosts) and 012 (5.4%; 5 hosts). Two animal hosts were best represented; cattle with 31 isolates (20 PCR ribotypes; 7 countries) and pigs with 31 isolates (16 PCR ribotypes; 10 countries).

Conclusions

This results show that although PCR ribotype 078 is often reported as the major animal C. difficile type, especially in pigs, the variability of strains in pigs and other animal hosts is substantial. Most common human PCR ribotypes (014/020 and 002) are also among most prevalent animal associated C. difficile strains worldwide. The widespread dissemination of toxigenic C. difficile and the considerable overlap in strain distribution between species furthers concerns about interspecies, including zoonotic, transmission of this critically important pathogen.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Janezic et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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