Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo

BMC Public Health

Abiba B Kere²  Zoulkarneiri Issa²  Komlan Kossi²  Williams Thelma¹  Pamela J Kennedy⁴  Tsidi A Tamekloe³  Gabriel N Defang⁵  Talla N Nzussouo¹  Afiwa W Halatoko²  Essoya D Landoh³  Kossi Badziklou²  Issaka Maman² 

[1] Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;National Influenza Reference Laboratory, Institut National d’Hygiène, 26 QAD Rue Nangbeto, 01 Lomé-Sud, POBOX: 1396, Lome, Togo;Division de l’Epidémiologie, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo;McKing Consulting, Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;Virology Department, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No 3, Cairo, Egypt

关键词: Lomé commune;    Influenza-like illness (ILI);    Sentinel surveillance;    Human;    Influenza;   

Others  :  1126751
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-981

 received in 2014-01-25, accepted in 2014-09-16,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The emergence of avian influenza A/H5N1 in 2003 as well as the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 highlighted the need to establish influenza sentinel surveillance in Togo. The Ministry of Health decided to introduce Influenza to the list of diseases with epidemic potential. By April 2010, Togo was actively involved in influenza surveillance. This study aims to describe the implementation of ILI surveillance and results obtained from April 2010 to December 2012.

Methods

Two sites were selected based on their accessibility and affordability to patients, their adequate specimen storage capacity and transportation system. Patients with ILI presenting at sentinel sites were enrolled by trained medical staff based on the World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were collected and they were tested at the National Influenza Reference Laboratory using a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) validated real time RT-PCR protocol. Laboratory results and epidemiological data were reported weekly and shared with all sentinel sites, Ministry of Health, Division of Epidemiology, WHO and CDC/NAMRU-3.

Results

From April 2010 to December 2012, a total of 955 samples were collected with 52% of the study population aged between 0 and 4 years. Of the 955 samples, 236 (24.7%) tested positive for influenza viruses; with 136 (14.2%) positive for influenza A and 100 (10.5%) positive for influenza B. The highest influenza positive percentage (30%) was observed in 5–14 years old and patients aged 0–4 and >60 years had the lowest percentage (20%). Clinical symptoms such as cough and rhinorrhea were associated more with ILI patients who were positive for influenza type A than influenza type B. Influenza viruses circulated throughout the year with the positivity rate peaking around the months of January, May and again in October; corresponding respectively to the dry-dusty harmattan season and the long and then the short raining season. The pandemic A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominantly circulating strain in 2010 while influenza B was the predominantly circulating strain in 2011. The seasonal A/H3N2 was observed throughout 2012 year.

Conclusions

This study provides information on influenza epidemiology in the capital city of Togo.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Maman et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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