Ligation of the spermatic cord in dogs with a self-locking device of a resorbable polyglycolic based co-polymer – feasibility and long-term follow-up study

BMC Research Notes

Anne-Sofie Lagerstedt²  Niklas Borg¹  Kerstin Hansson²  Fredrik Södersten³  Jessica Ingman⁴  Odd V Höglund² 

[1]Radi Medical Systems, Palmbladsgatan 10, SE-754 50 Uppsala, Sweden

[2]Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

[3]Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

[4]University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7040, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

关键词: Refinement;    Reduction;    Replacement;    Ultrasonography;    Castration;    Block co-polymer;    Trimethylene carbonate;    Glycolide;    Bioabsorbable;    Resorbable medical device;   

Others  :  1123210
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-0500-7-825

 received in 2014-11-04, accepted in 2014-11-05,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

New surgical techniques are developed to enable a quicker, easier and safer surgery with reduced risk of complications and shortened time needed for recovery. A resorbable device, a self-locking loop, was designed for surgical ligation. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of ligating the spermatic cord with the device, its biocompatibility and long-term resorption in dogs.

Results

The device was made of a block co-polymer (glycolide and trimethylene carbonate), manufactured by injection moulding and consisted of a flexible band running through a case with a locking mechanism. Ten devices were tested for ligation of the spermatic cords in five dogs admitted for routine neutering. The dogs were monitored by physical examination and ultrasonography of the site of ligation, area of spermatic cord and medial iliac lymph nodes regularly until no hyperechoic remnants of the device or acoustic shadowing or local tissue reactions were observed. Haemostasis of the spermatic cords was achieved with the devices. On ultrasonography the devices were seen as hyperechoic structures for 2 months after neutering causing acoustic shadowing for 1 month. The dogs were monitored for 3 – 5 months after surgery. Gradual decrease in echogenicity and final disappearance of the hyperechoic structures suggested resorption. Macroscopic and histological post mortem examinations were performed in one dog at 3 months after surgery. Post mortem examination showed a tissue reaction of a suture granuloma that was restricted in extent at site of the device.

Conclusions

The results of this pilot study suggest biocompatibility and indicate that ligation of the spermatic cord is feasible with the device.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Höglund et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Whitney GD: Use of implanted nylon bands in surgical procedures. Canine Pract 1982, 9(24):28-30.
• [2]Carpenter RH: Nylon bands used as ligatures and fixation devices in small animal surgery. 40th Ann Meet Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1973, 718-721.
• [3]Zagraniski MJ: Splenectomy using nylon cable tie bands. Feline Pract 1979, 9:33-35.
• [4]Gofrit ON, Harlev M, Rosenberg S, Pode D, Zorn KC, Shalhav AL, Zamir G, Mintz Y: Pure “cable-tie partial nephrectomy”: a porcine model. Surg Endosc 2010, 24:3229-3232.
• [5]Cadeddu JA, Corwin TS, Traxer O, Collick C, Saboorian HH, Pearle MS: Hemostatic laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: cable-tie compression. Urology 2001, 57:562-566.
• [6]Macedo AS, Dal-Bo ID, de Quadros AM, Brambatti G, dos Reis KDHL, Brun MV, Alievi MM, Beck CAD: Complications associated with ovariohysterectomy using nylon tie-rap as an hemostatic method. Acta Sci Vet 2012, 40(4):1086.
• [7]Johnson-Neitman JL, Bahr RJ, Broaddus KD: Fistula formation secondary to a nylon cable band in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006, 47:355-357.
• [8]Werner RE, Straughan AJ, Vezin D: Nylon cable band reactions in ovariohysterectomized bitches. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992, 200:64-66.
• [9]Pearson H: Ovario-hysterectomy in the bitch. Vet Rec 1970, 87:646-647.
• [10]Cawley AJ, Archibald J: Sinus tracts resulting from suture material. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 1958, 22:59-62.
• [11]Borthwick R: Unilateral hydronephrosis in a spayed bitch. Vet Rec 1972, 90:244-245.
• [12]Joshua JO: The spaying of bitches. Vet Rec 1965, 77:642-646.
• [13]Pearson H: The complications of ovariohysterectomy in the bitch. J Small Anim Pract 1973, 14:257-266.
• [14]Höglund OV: PhD Thesis: A Resorbable Device for Ligation of Blood Vessels. Development, Assessment of Surgical Procedures and Clinical Evaluation. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Clinical Sciences; 2012:1-73. http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/8589/ webcite
• [15]Höglund OV, Hagman R, Olsson K, Mindemark J, Lagerstedt AS: A new resorbable device for ligation of blood vessels – a pilot study. Acta Vet Scand 2011, 53:47. BioMed Central Full Text
• [16]Höglund OV, Hagman R, Olsson K, Carlsson C, Södersten F, Lagerstedt AS: Ligation of the ovarian pedicles in dogs with a resorbable self-locking device – a long-term follow-up study. J Biomater Appl 2013, 27:961-966.
• [17]Katz AR, Mukherjee DP, Kaganov AL, Gordon S: A new synthetic monofilament absorbable suture made from polytrimethylene carbonate. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1985, 161:213-222.
• [18]Farrar DF, Gillson RK: Hydrolytic degradation of polyglyconate B: the relationship between degradation time, strength and molecular weight. Biomaterials 2002, 23:3905-3912.
• [19]Hill SP, Montes de Oca H, Klein PG, Ward IM, Rose J, Farrar D: Dynamic mechanical studies of hydrolytic degradation in isotropic and oriented Maxon B. Biomaterials 2006, 27:3168-3177.
• [20]Pillai CK, Sharma CP: Review paper: absorbable polymeric surgical sutures: chemistry, production, properties, biodegradability, and performance. J Biomater Appl 2010, 25:291-366.
• [21]Aminlashgari N, Höglund OV, Borg N, Hakkarainen M: Degradation profile and preliminary clinical testing of a resorbable device for ligation of blood vessels. Acta Biomater 2013, 9:6898-6904.
• [22]Howe LM: Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization. Theriogenology 2006, 66:500-509.
• [23]Williams DF: Definitions in Biomaterials. In Consensus Conference of the European Society for Biomaterials. Chester: Elsevier; 1987.
• [24]Williams DF: On the mechanisms of biocompatibility. Biomaterials 2008, 29:2941-2953.
• [25]Anderson JM, Rodriguez A, Chang DT: Foreign body reaction to biomaterials. Semin Immunol 2008, 20:86-100.
• [26]Shive MS, Anderson JM: Biodegradation and biocompatibility of PLA and PLGA microspheres. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1997, 28:5-24.
• [27]Bondarenko A, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Erdmann N, Angrisani N, Reifenrath J, Meyer-Lindenberg A: Comparison of morphological changes in efferent lymph nodes after implantation of resorbable and non-resorbable implants in rabbits. Biomed Eng Online 2011, 10:1-15. BioMed Central Full Text
• [28]Verheyen CC, de Wijn JR, van Blitterswijk CA, Rozing PM, de Groot K: Examination of efferent lymph nodes after 2 years of transcortical implantation of poly(L-lactide) containing plugs: a case report. J Biomed Mater Res 1993, 27:1115-1118.
• [29]Mayer MN, Lawson JA, Silver TI: Sonographic characteristics of presumptively normal canine medial iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010, 51:638-641.
• [30]Cornell K: Wound Healing. In Veterinary Surgery, Small Animal. Volume 1. 1st edition. Edited by Tobias KM, Johnston SA. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:125-134.
• [31]Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ, Lemons JE: Biomaterials Science: A Multidisciplinary Endeavour. In Biomaterials Science an Introduction to Materials in Medicine. 2nd edition. Edited by Ratner BD, Hoffman AS, Schoen FJ, Lemons JE. San Diego: Elsevier; 2004.
• [32]W E: Biocompatibility. In Advances in Ceramics - Electric and Magnetic Ceramics, Bioceramics, Ceramics and Environment. Edited by Sikalidis C. InTech; 2011. doi:0.5772/18475. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/advances-in-ceramics-electric-and-magnetic-ceramics-bioceramics-ceramics-and-environment/biocompatibility webcite. ISBN 978-953-307-350-7
• [33]Konig C, Ruffieux K, Wintermantel E, Blaser J: Autosterilization of biodegradable implants by injection molding process. J Biomed Mater Res 1997, 38:115-119.
• [34]Heng HG, Widmer WR: Appearance of common ultrasound artifacts in conventional vs. spatial compound imaging. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010, 51:621-627.
• [35]Russell WMS, Burch RL: The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. London: Methuen; 1959.