High prevalence and two dominant host-specific genotypes of Coxiella burnetii in U.S. milk

BMC Microbiology

Paul Keim²  Gilbert J Kersh¹  Robert F Massung¹  Lance B Price²  Cindy M Liu²  James M Schupp²  Erin P Price⁴  Christine L Clark Friedman³  Ashley V Kondas¹  Rachael A Priestley¹  Meagan L Seymour³  James M Cook³  Sabrina German³  Carina M Hall³  Dawn M Birdsell³  Sonora M Olivas³  Lauren T Gates³  Remy Hilsabeck³  Heidie M Hornstra³  Talima Pearson³ 

[1] Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA;Pathogen Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA;Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-4073, USA;Current address: Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Tiwi, Northern Territory 0810, Australia

关键词: CanSNP;    Canonical SNP;    SNP typing;    Multispacer typing;    Phylogeography;    Genotyping;    Environmental detection;    Q fever;    Coxiella burnetii;   

Others  :  1141905
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2180-14-41

 received in 2013-11-15, accepted in 2014-02-10,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Coxiella burnetii causes Q fever in humans and Coxiellosis in animals; symptoms range from general malaise to fever, pneumonia, endocarditis and death. Livestock are a significant source of human infection as they shed C. burnetii cells in birth tissues, milk, urine and feces. Although prevalence of C. burnetii is high, few Q fever cases are reported in the U.S. and we have a limited understanding of their connectedness due to difficulties in genotyping. Here, we develop canonical SNP genotyping assays to evaluate spatial and temporal relationships among C. burnetii environmental samples and compare them across studies. Given the genotypic diversity of historical collections, we hypothesized that the current enzootic of Coxiellosis is caused by multiple circulating genotypes. We collected A) 23 milk samples from a single bovine herd, B) 134 commercial bovine and caprine milk samples from across the U.S., and C) 400 bovine and caprine samples from six milk processing plants over three years.

Results

We detected C. burnetii DNA in 96% of samples with no variance over time. We genotyped 88.5% of positive samples; bovine milk contained only a single genotype (ST20) and caprine milk was dominated by a second type (mostly ST8).

Conclusions

The high prevalence and lack of genotypic diversity is consistent with a model of rapid spread and persistence. The segregation of genotypes between host species is indicative of species-specific adaptations or dissemination barriers and may offer insights into the relative lack of human cases and characterizing genotypes.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Pearson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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