Association between vitamin b12 levels and melancholic depressive symptoms: a Finnish population-based study

BMC Psychiatry

Jussi Seppälä⁸  Mauno Vanhala¹  Merja Viikki³  Yrjö Ovaskainen²  Heikki Oksa⁷  Pekka Mäntyselkä⁴  Satu Männistö⁹  Jaana Leiviskä^1,12  Olli Kampman^1,11  Johan G Eriksson⁵  Hannu Kautiainen¹  Hannu Koponen⁶  Jussi Seppälä^1,10 

[1] Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, Kuopio, 70211, Finland;Private practices, Diacor, Helsinki, 00380, Finland;Tampere Mental Health Center, P.O. Box 487, Tampere, 33101, Finland;Unit of Primary Health Care, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland;Folkhälsan Research Center, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland;Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, Kuopio, 70211, Finland;Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, Tampere, 33521, Finland;Department of Psychiatry, South-Savo Hospital District, Moisiontie 10, Mikkeli, FIN, 50520, Finland;Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland;Department of Psychiatry, South-Savo Hospital District, Mikkeli, Finland;Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Hospital District, Seinäjoki, 60220, Finland;National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, 00271, Finland

关键词: Vitamin B₁₂;    Population-based;    Non-melancholic depressive symptoms;    Melancholic depressive symptoms;    Beck depression inventory;   

Others  :  1124048
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-244X-13-145

 received in 2012-11-27, accepted in 2013-05-15,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

An association between vitamin B₁₂ levels and depressive symptoms (DS) has been reported in several epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vitamin B₁₂ levels in population-based samples with melancholic or non-melancholic DS as the relationship between vitamin B₁₂ levels and different subtypes of DS has not been evaluated in previous studies.

Methods

Subjects without previously known type 2 diabetes, aged 45–74 years were randomly selected from the National Population Register as a part of the Finnish diabetes prevention programme (FIN-D2D). The study population (N = 2806, participation rate 62%) consisted of 1328 men and 1478 women. The health examinations were carried out between October and December 2007 according to the WHO MONICA protocol. The assessment of DS was based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, cut-off ≥10 points). A DSM-IV- criteria based summary score of melancholic items in the BDI was used in dividing the participants with DS (N = 429) into melancholic (N = 138) and non-melancholic DS (N = 291) subgroups. In the statistical analysis we used chi-squared test, t-test, permutation test, analysis of covariance, multivariate logistic regression analysis and multinomial regression model.

Results

The mean vitamin B₁₂ level was 331±176 pmol/L in those without DS while the subjects with non-melancholic DS had a mean vitamin B₁₂ level of 324 ± 135 pmol/L, and those with melancholic DS had the lowest mean vitamin B₁₂ level of 292±112 pmol/L (p < 0.001 after adjusted for age, sex, use of antidepressive medication and chronic diseases sum index). The adjusted difference of vitamin B₁₂ levels between the non-melancholic and the melancholic group was 33 pmol/L (95%CI 8 to 57, p = 0.008). Melancholic DS and vitamin B₁₂ levels showed an independent linearly inverse association. The relative risk ratio (RRR) for melancholic DS was 2.75 (95%CI 1.66 to 4.56) in the lowest vitamin B₁₂ level tertile versus the highest (p for linearity <0.001) when those without DS formed the reference group. The RRR in the non-melancholic subgroup was nonsignificant.

Conclusions

The vitamin B₁₂ level was associated with melancholic DS but not with non-melancholic DS.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Seppälä et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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