Detecting negative selection on recurrent mutations using gene genealogy

BMC Genetics

Dan Graur¹  Giddy Landan²  Kiyoshi Ezawa³ 

[1] Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA;Present address: Institute of Genomic Microbiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany;Present address: Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan

关键词: Neutrality test;    Deleterious mutation;    Negative selection;    Recurrent mutation;    Population genetics;   

Others  :  1087122
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2156-14-37

 received in 2012-09-20, accepted in 2013-04-13,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Whether or not a mutant allele in a population is under selection is an important issue in population genetics, and various neutrality tests have been invented so far to detect selection. However, detection of negative selection has been notoriously difficult, partly because negatively selected alleles are usually rare in the population and have little impact on either population dynamics or the shape of the gene genealogy. Recently, through studies of genetic disorders and genome-wide analyses, many structural variations were shown to occur recurrently in the population. Such “recurrent mutations” might be revealed as deleterious by exploiting the signal of negative selection in the gene genealogy enhanced by their recurrence.

Results

Motivated by the above idea, we devised two new test statistics. One is the total number of mutants at a recurrently mutating locus among sampled sequences, which is tested conditionally on the number of forward mutations mapped on the sequence genealogy. The other is the size of the most common class of identical-by-descent mutants in the sample, again tested conditionally on the number of forward mutations mapped on the sequence genealogy. To examine the performance of these two tests, we simulated recurrently mutated loci each flanked by sites with neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with no recombination. Using neutral recurrent mutations as null models, we attempted to detect deleterious recurrent mutations. Our analyses demonstrated high powers of our new tests under constant population size, as well as their moderate power to detect selection in expanding populations. We also devised a new maximum parsimony algorithm that, given the states of the sampled sequences at a recurrently mutating locus and an incompletely resolved genealogy, enumerates mutation histories with a minimum number of mutations while partially resolving genealogical relationships when necessary.

Conclusions

With their considerably high powers to detect negative selection, our new neutrality tests may open new venues for dealing with the population genetics of recurrent mutations as well as help identifying some types of genetic disorders that may have escaped identification by currently existing methods.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Ezawa et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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