Effects of mushroom and chicory extracts on the shape, physiology and proteome of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Pietro Canepari⁵  Michael Wilson⁶  Jonathan Pratten⁶  David A Spratt⁶  Itzhak Ofek⁴  Peter Lingström¹  Egija Zaura⁸  Carla Pruzzo³  Adele Papetti²  Iole Caola⁹  Francesco Tessarolo⁷  Alberto Milli⁵  Gloria Burlacchini⁵  Anna Bertoncelli⁵  Anna Marchi⁵  Caterina Signoretto⁵ 

[1]Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden

[2]Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, Pavia, 27100, Italy

[3]DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova, 16132, Italy

[4]Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 39987, Israel

[5]Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica – Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, 37134, Italy

[6]Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK

[7]Centro Interdipartimentale di Tecnologie Biomediche (BIOtech), Università di Trento, Via delle Regole 101, Mattarello, Trento, 38123, Italy

[8]Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, LA, 1081, The Netherlands

[9]Sezione di Microscopia Elettronica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, APSS, Trento, 38100, Italy

关键词: Food components;    Anticaries compounds;    Dental caries;    Streptococcus mutans;   

Others  :  1229906
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-13-117

 received in 2012-10-22, accepted in 2013-05-22,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Dental caries is an infectious disease which results from the acidic demineralisation of the tooth enamel and dentine as a consequence of the dental plaque (a microbial biofilm) accumulation. Research showed that several foods contain some components with antibacterial and antiplaque activity. Previous studies indicated antimicrobial and antiplaque activities in a low-molecular-mass (LMM) fraction of extracts from either an edible mushroom (Lentinus edodes) or from Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus).

Methods

We have evaluated the antimicrobial mode of action of these fractions on Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of human dental caries. The effects on shape, macromolecular syntheses and cell proteome were analysed.

Results

The best antimicrobial activity has been displayed by the LMM mushroom extract with a bacteriostatic effect. At the MIC of both extracts DNA synthesis was the main macromolecular synthesis inhibited, RNA synthesis was less inhibited than that of DNA and protein synthesis was inhibited only by roughly 50%. The partial inhibition of protein synthesis is compatible with the observed significant increase in cell mass. The increase in these parameters is linked to the morphological alteration with transition from cocci of the untreated control to elongated cells. Interestingly, these modifications were also observed at sub-MIC concentrations. Finally, membrane and cytosol proteome analysis was conducted under LMM mushroom extract treatment in comparison with untreated S. mutans cells. Significant changes were observed for 31 membrane proteins and 20 of the cytosol fractions. The possible role of the changed proteins is discussed.

Conclusions

This report has shown an antibiotic-like mode of action of mushroom and chicory extracts as demonstrated by induced morphogenetic effects and inhibition of specific macromolecular synthesis. This feature as well as the safe use of this extract as result of its natural origin render the LMM both mushroom and chicory extracts suitable for the formulation into products for daily oral hygiene such as mouthwashes or toothpastes.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Signoretto et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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