Clinical chemistry profiles in injection heroin users from Coastal Region, Kenya

BMC Clinical Pathology

Valentine Budambula⁷  Ernest P Makokha⁸  Aabid A Ahmed²  James N Kiarie¹  Francisca Ongecha-Owuor⁴  Titus M Kahiga⁵  Collins Ouma⁶  Elly Munde⁶  Jesca O Wesongah⁹  Tom Were³ 

[1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya;Bomu Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya;Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Kabianga, P. O. Box 2030–20200, Kericho, Kenya;Department of Medicine, Therapeutics, Dermatology and Psychiatry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya;Department of Pharmacy and Complementary Medicine, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya;Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya;Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya;Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya

关键词: Anti-retroviral treatment;    HIV-1 infection;    Clinical chemistry markers;    Injection heroin user;   

Others  :  1084592
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6890-14-32

 received in 2014-03-05, accepted in 2014-06-26,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Although the co-burden of injection drug use and HIV is increasing in Africa, little is known about the laboratory markers of injection drug use and anti-retroviral treatment (ART) in Kenyan injection drug users. This study, therefore, aimed at determining the clinical chemistry profiles and identifying the key laboratory markers of HIV infection during ART in injection heroin users (IHUs).

Methods

Clinical chemistry measurements were performed on serum samples collected from HIV-1 infected ART-experienced (n = 22), naive (n = 16) and HIV-1 negative (n = 23) IHUs, and healthy controls (n = 15) from Mombasa, coastal Kenya.

Results

HIV uninfected IHUs had lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (P = 0.023) as ART-exposed IHUs exhibited lower albumin (P = 0.014) and higher AST to platelet index (APRI) (P < 0.0001). All IHUs presented with lower aspartate aminotransferase to ALT values (P = 0.001) and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.002). ART-naive IHUs had higher globulin levels (P = 0.013) while ART-experienced and naive IHUs had higher albumin to total protein (P < 0.0001) and albumin to globulin (P < 0.0001) values. In addition, CD4+ T cells correlated with ALT (ρ = −0.522, P = 0.011) and CRP (rho, ρ = 0.529, P = 0.011) in HIV negative and ART-experienced IHUs, respectively. HIV-1 viral load correlated with albumin to globulin index in ART-experienced (ρ = −0.468, P = 0.037) and naive (ρ = −0.554, P = 0.040) IHUs; and with albumin to total protein index (ρ = −0.554, P = 0.040) and globulin (ρ = 0.570, P = 0.033) in ART-naive IHUs.

Conclusion

Absolute ALT, albumin, globulin, and CRP measurements in combination with APRI, AST to ALT, albumin to total protein and albumin to globulin indices may be useful laboratory markers for screening IHUs for initiating and monitoring treatment.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Were et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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