Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a hybrid zone between polyandrous Northern and Wattled Jacanas in Western Panama

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Eldredge Bermingham²  Neal G Smith¹  Sara E Lipshutz³  Matthew J Miller¹ 

[1] Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Apartado 0843-03092, República de Panamá;Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum of Science, 3280 South Miami Avenue, Miami 33133, FL, USA;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, LA, USA

关键词: Cline width;    Introgression;    Simultaneous polyandry;    Sex-role reversal;    Contact zone;   

Others  :  1117848
DOI  :  10.1186/s12862-014-0227-7

 received in 2014-04-28, accepted in 2014-10-17,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Hybridization provides a unique perspective into the ecological, genetic and behavioral context of speciation. Hybridization is common in birds, but has not yet been reported among bird species with a simultaneously polyandrous mating system; a mating system where a single female defends a harem of males who provide nearly all parental care. Unlike simple polyandry, polyandrous mating is extremely rare in birds, with only 1% of bird species employing this mating system. Although it is classically held that females are “choosy” in avian hybrid systems, nearly-exclusive male parental care raises the possibility that female selection against heterospecific matings might be reduced compared to birds with other mating systems.

Results

We describe a narrow hybrid zone in southwestern Panama between two polyandrous freshwater waders: Northern Jacana, Jacana spinosa and Wattled Jacana, J. jacana. We document coincident cline centers for three phenotypic traits, mtDNA, and one of two autosomal introns. Cline widths for these six markers varied from seven to 142 km, with mtDNA being the narrowest, and five of the six markers having widths less than 100 km. Cline tails were asymmetrical, with greater introgression of J. jacana traits extending westward into the range of J. spinosa. Likewise, within the hybrid zone, the average hybrid index of phenotypic hybrids was significantly biased towards J. spinosa. Species distribution models indicate that the hybrid zone is located at the edge of a roughly 100 km wide overlap where habitat is predicted to be suitable for both species, with more westerly areas suitable only for spinosa and eastward habitats suitable only for J. jacana.

Conclusion

The two species of New World jacanas maintain a narrow, and persistent hybrid zone in western Panama. The hybrid zone may be maintained by the behavioral dominance of J. spinosa counterbalanced by unsuitable habitat for J. spinosa east of the contact zone. Although the two parental species are relatively young, mitochondrial cline width was extremely narrow. This result suggests strong selection against maternally-inherited markers, which may indicate either mitonuclear incompatibilities and/or female choice against heterospecific matings typical of avian hybrid systems, despite jacana sex role reversal.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Miller et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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