NextGen sequencing reveals short double crossovers contribute disproportionately to genetic diversity in Toxoplasma gondii

BMC Genomics

L David Sibley⁴  Benjamin M Rosenthal²  James W Ajioka³  Hernan A Lorenzi¹  Jitender P Dubey²  Qiuling Wang⁴  Michael Behnke⁴  Jahangheer S Shaik⁴  Asis Khan⁵ 

[1] Department of Informatics, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8230, 660S, Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Mo 63110, USA;Current address: Molecular Parasitology Unit, Laboratory for Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

关键词: Gene conversion;    Double crossover;    Mendelian inheritance;    Meiotic drive;    Genetic mapping;    Gene conversion;   

Others  :  1121538
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-1168

 received in 2014-08-26, accepted in 2014-12-16,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite of animals that causes zoonotic disease in humans. Three clonal variants predominate in North America and Europe, while South American strains are genetically diverse, and undergo more frequent recombination. All three northern clonal variants share a monomorphic version of chromosome Ia (ChrIa), which is also found in unrelated, but successful southern lineages. Although this pattern could reflect a selective advantage, it might also arise from non-Mendelian segregation during meiosis. To understand the inheritance of ChrIa, we performed a genetic cross between the northern clonal type 2 ME49 strain and a divergent southern type 10 strain called VAND, which harbors a divergent ChrIa.

Results

NextGen sequencing of haploid F1 progeny was used to generate a genetic map revealing a low level of conventional recombination, with an unexpectedly high frequency of short, double crossovers. Notably, both the monomorphic and divergent versions of ChrIa were isolated with equal frequency. As well, ChrIa showed no evidence of being a sex chromosome, of harboring an inversion, or distorting patterns of segregation. Although VAND was unable to self fertilize in the cat, it underwent successful out-crossing with ME49 and hybrid survival was strongly associated with inheritance of ChrIII from ME49 and ChrIb from VAND.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the successful spread of the monomorphic ChrIa in the wild has not been driven by meiotic drive or related processes, but rather is due to a fitness advantage. As well, the high frequency of short double crossovers is expected to greatly increase genetic diversity among progeny from genetic crosses, thereby providing an unexpected and likely important source of diversity.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Khan et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

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