Serum galectin-9 levels are elevated in the patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

BMC Nephrology

Hirofumi Makino¹  Nobuyuki Miyatake²  Jun Eguchi¹  Chigusa Higuchi¹  Mayu Watanabe¹  Akihiro Katayama¹  Takahiro Terami¹  Kentaro Inoue¹  Kazutoshi Murakami¹  Atsuko Nakatsuka¹  Sanae Teshigawara¹  Motoko Kanzaki¹  Jun Wada¹  Yuko Kurose¹ 

[1] Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan;Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan

关键词: Nephropathy;    Kidney disease;    Inflammation;    Glomerular filtration;    Type 2 diabetes;   

Others  :  1083015
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2369-14-23

 received in 2011-12-23, accepted in 2013-01-18,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) induces apoptosis in activated T helper 1 (T_H1) cells as a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3). Gal-9 also inhibits the G1 phase cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy in db/db mice, the hallmark of early diabetic nephropathy, by reversing the high glucose-induced up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as p27^Kip1 and p21^Cip1.

Methods

We investigated the serum levels of Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=182).

Results

Serum Gal-9 levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes were 131.9 ± 105.4 pg/ml and Log₁₀Gal-9 levels significantly and positively correlated with age (r=0.227, p=0.002), creatinine (r=0.175, p=0.018), urea nitrogen (r=0.162, p=0.028) and osmotic pressure (r=0.187, p=0.014) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=−0.188, p=0.011). Log₁₀Gal-9 levels increased along with the progression of GFR categories of G1 to G4, and they were statistically significant by Jonckheere-Terpstra test (p=0.012). Log₁₀Gal-9 levels remained similar levels in albuminuria stages of A1 to A3.

Conclusion

The elevation of serum Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes is closely linked to GFR and they may be related to the alteration of the immune response and inflammation of the patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Kurose et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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