Socioeconomic factors associated with drug consumption in prison population in Mexico

BMC Public Health

Angélica Castro-Ríos¹  Patricia Constantino-Casas³  Armando Nevárez-Sida² 

[1]Research Unit in Epidemiology and Health Services, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtemoc # 330, Zip Code 06720 Mexico City, Mexico

[2]Research Unit in Health Economics, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtemoc # 330, Zip Code 06720 Mexico City, Mexico

[3]Coordination of Medical Units of High Specialty, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Durango # 289, Zip Code 06700 Mexico City, Mexico

关键词: Mexico;    Family Characteristics;    Socioeconomic Factors;    Prison;    Illicit Drugs;   

Others  :  1163941
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-12-33

 received in 2010-09-17, accepted in 2012-01-13,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Consumption of illegal drugs is a public health problem in Mexico, and the prison population is a vulnerable group with higher rates of prevalence than in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine the main socioeconomic variables associated with drug consumption in the prison population.

Methods

Utilizing data from the Second Incarcerated Population Survey carried out by the Centre of Research and Teaching of Economics (CIDE) in Mexico, a logistic model in two stages was developed. The first stage analyzed the determinants of habitual drug consumption by prisoners (prior to admittance into prisons), while the second stage of the model addressed drug consumption within prisons.

Results

Prevalence of drug consumption previous to incarceration was 28.5%, although once people were imprisoned this figure dropped to 7.4%. The characteristics that most heavily influenced against the possibility of habitual drug consumption prior to admittance to prison were: preparatory school or higher, being employed and having children; while the variables associated negatively were: male gender, childhood home shared with adults who consumed illegal drugs; abandoning childhood home; and having previous prison sentences. Once in prison, the negative conditions in there are associated with drug consumption.

Conclusions

Work and study during incarceration, in addition to being instruments for rehabilitation, seem to exert an important positive association against drug consumption. However, this correlation seems to be minimized in the face of negative conditions of the penal institution; thus, public policies are necessary to improve the prisoner's environment.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Nevarez-Sida et al; BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Devlin RJ, Henry JA: Clinical review: major consequences of illicit drug consumption. Crit Care 2008, 12(1):202-208. BioMed Central Full Text
• [2]Secretaría de Salud: Encuesta Nacional de adicciones 2008. México. 2008. [Spanish]
• [3]Villatoro J, Medina-Mora ME, Cravioto P, Fleiz C, Galván F, Rojas E, Kuri P, Ruiz C, Castrejón J, Velez A, García A: Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática. México: INEGI; 2002. [Spanish]
• [4]Brooke D, Taylor C, Gunn J, Maden A: Substance misuse as a marker of vulnerability among male prisoners on remand. Br J Psychiatry 2000, 177:248-251.
• [5]Henkel D: Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010). Curr Drug Abuse Rev 2011, 4(1):4-27.
• [6]Azaola E, Bergman M: De mal en peor: las condiciones de vida en las cárceles mexicanas. Nueva Sociedad 2007, 208:118-127. [Spanish]
• [7]Abdala N, White E, Toussova OV, Krasnoselskikh TV, Verevochkin S, Kozlov AP, Heimer R: Comparing sexual risks and patterns of alcohol and drug use between injection drug users (IDUs) and non-IDUs who report sexual partnerships with IDUs in St. Petersburg, Rusia. BMC Publ Health 2010, 10:67. BioMed Central Full Text
• [8]Hernandez R, Coloooini R, Idoate GA, Scutze E: Drug-addiction and AIDS in prison population. Int Conf AIDS 1996, 11:7-11.
• [9]Hernández Sampieri R, Fernández-Collado C, Baptista Lucio P: Metodología de la Investigación. 4th edition. México: McGraw-Hill Interamericana; 2006. [Spanish]
• [10]Vittinghoff E, Glidden DV, Shiboski SC, McCulloch CE: Regression methods in biostatistics: linear, logistic, survival, and repeated measures models. México, D.F. Springer; 2005.
• [11]Consejo Nacional de Población CONAPO: Índice de marginación a nivel localidad 2005. México, D.F; 2007. ISBN:970-628-924-0. [Spanish]
• [12]Murphy KM, Topel RH: Estimation and inference in two-step econometric models. (Statistical Data Included). J Bus Econ Stat 2002, 20(1):88-97.
• [13]Hardin JW: The robust variance estimator for two-stage models. Stata J 2002, 2(3):253-366.
• [14]Obradovic I: Addictions in prison. A survey on socio-sanitary care for addicted prisoners using or overusing licit or illicit substances. Tendances 2005., 41Available online at: [http://www.ofdt.fr/BDD/publications/docs/eftaiol1.pdf webcite]: Sep 01 2010
• [15]Moreno JMP: Psychosocial intervention with drug addicts in prison. Description and results of a programme. Psychology in Spain 2000, 4(1):64-74.
• [16]Díaz-Negrete B, García-Aurrecoechea R: Factores psicosociales de riesgo de consumo de drogas ilícitas en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de educación media. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2008, 24(4):223-232. [Spanish]
• [17]Bryant RR, Jayawardhana A, Samaranayake VA, Wilhite A: The Impact of Alcohol and Drug Use on Employment: A Labor Market Study Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. University of Wisconsin Institute for research on poverty. Discussion paper no; 1996:1092-96.
• [18]Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática INEGI: II Conteo de Población y Vivienda 2005. Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática; 2008. ISBN 978-970-13-4999-1. [Spanish]
• [19]Shewan D, Gemmell M, Davies JB: Prison as a modifier of drug using behaviour. Addict Res Theory 1994, 2(2):203-215.
• [20]Castelli D: Medical problems deriving from drug addiction in prison environment. Sweiis Conference of Penitentiary Medicine, Switzerland; 1997. Available online at: [http://www.aids-info.ch/files/pdf_files/symp_castelli_e.pdf webcite]: Jul 03 2009