What the newspapers say about medication adherence: a content analysis

BMC Public Health

James C McElnay²  Ahmed F Hawwa²  Basima A Almomani¹  Nicola A Goodfellow² 

[1]Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan

[2]Clinical and Practice and Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland

关键词: Adherence;    Patient compliance;    Newspapers;    Newspaper article;   

Others  :  1161713
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-909

 received in 2013-04-12, accepted in 2013-09-20,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

This study investigates the coverage of adherence to medicine by the UK and US newsprint media. Adherence to medicine is recognised as an important issue facing healthcare professionals and the newsprint media is a key source of health information, however, little is known about newspaper coverage of medication adherence.

Methods

A search of the newspaper database Nexis®UK from 2004–2011 was performed. Content analysis of newspaper articles which referenced medication adherence from the twelve highest circulating UK and US daily newspapers and their Sunday equivalents was carried out. A second researcher coded a 15% sample of newspaper articles to establish the inter-rater reliability of coding.

Results

Searches of newspaper coverage of medication adherence in the UK and US yielded 181 relevant articles for each country. There was a large increase in the number of scientific articles on medication adherence in PubMed® over the study period, however, this was not reflected in the frequency of newspaper articles published on medication adherence. UK newspaper articles were significantly more likely to report the benefits of adherence (p = 0.005), whereas US newspaper articles were significantly more likely to report adherence issues in the elderly population (p = 0.004) and adherence associated with diseases of the central nervous system (p = 0.046). The most commonly reported barriers to adherence were patient factors e.g. poor memory, beliefs and age, whereas, the most commonly reported facilitators to adherence were medication factors including simplified regimens, shorter treatment duration and combination tablets. HIV/AIDS was the single most frequently cited disease (reported in 20% of newspaper articles). Poor quality reporting of medication adherence was identified in 62% of newspaper articles.

Conclusion

Adherence is not well covered in the newspaper media despite a significant presence in the medical literature. The mass media have the potential to help educate and shape the public’s knowledge regarding the importance of medication adherence; this potential is not being realised at present.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Goodfellow et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Horne R, Weinman J, Barber N, Elliot RA, Morgan M: Concordance, adherence and compliance in medicine taking: a conceptual map and research priorities. London: National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Delivery and Organisation R&D, NCCSDO; 2005. http://www.netscc.ac.uk/hsdr/projdetails.php?ref=08-1412-076 webcite
• [2]World Health Organisation: Section II, Chapter IV of the World Health Organisation's publication. In Adherence to long-term therapies: Evidence for action. Edited by Sabaté E. Geneva, Switzerland: The World Health Organisation; 2003.
• [3]Nunes V, Neilson J, O’Flynn N, Calvert N, Kuntze S, Smithson H, Benson J, Blair J, Bowser A, Clyne W, Crome P, Haddad P, Hemingway S, Horne R, Johnson S, Kelly S, Packham B, Patel M, Steel J: Clinical guidelines and evidence review for medicines adherence: involving patients in decisions about prescribed medicines and supporting adherence. London: National Collaborating Centre for Primary Care and Royal College of General Practitioners; 2009. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG76FullGuideline.pdf webcite
• [4]Brown C, Battista DR, Bruehlman R, Sereika SS, Thase ME, Dunbar-Jacob J: Beliefs about antidepressant medications in primary care patients: relationship to self-reported adherence. Med Care 2005, 43:1203-1207.
• [5]Phatak HM, Thomas J 3rd: Relationships between beliefs about medications and nonadherence to prescribed chronic medications. Ann Pharmacother 2006, 40:1737-1742.
• [6]Menckeberg TT, Bouvy ML, Bracke M, Kaptein AA, Leufkens HG, Raaijmakers JA, Horne R: Beliefs about medicines predict refill adherence to inhaled corticosteroids. J Psychosom Res 2008, 64:47-54.
• [7]Percival M, Cottrell WN, Jayasinghe R: Exploring the beliefs of heart failure patients towards their heart failure medicines and self-care activities. Int J Clin Pharm 2012, 34:618-625.
• [8]Prosser H: Marvelous medicines and dangerous drugs: the representation of prescription medicine in the UK newsprint media. Public Underst Sci 2010, 19:52-69.
• [9]Neuendorf KA: Health images in the mass media. In Communication and health: systems and applications. Edited by Ray EB, Donohew L. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc; 1990:115.
• [10]Cotten SR, Gupta SS: Characteristics of online and offline health information seekers and factors that discriminate between them. Soc Sci Med 2004, 59:1795-1806.
• [11]National readership survey: (January 2012-december 2012) readership estimates - newspapers and supplements. 2012. http://www.nrs.co.uk/top-line-readership/ webcite
• [12]Grilli R, Ramsay C, Minozzi S: Mass media interventions: effects on health services utilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002, 1:CD000389. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000389
• [13]Vidanapathirana J, Abramson MJ, Forbes A, Fairley C: Mass media interventions for promoting HIV testing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005, 3:CD004775. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004775.pub2
• [14]Bala M, Strzeszynski L, Cahill K: Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, 1:CD004704. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004704.pub2
• [15]Nagelhout GE, van den Putte B, de Vries H, Crone M, Fong GT, Willemsen MC: The influence of newspaper coverage and a media campaign on smokers’ support for smoke-free bars and restaurants and on secondhand smoke harm awareness: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Netherlands Survey. Tob Control 2012, 21:24-29.
• [16]Stebbing C, Kaushal R, Bates DW: Pediatric medication safety and the media: what does the public see? Pediatrics 2006, 117:1907-1914.
• [17]Hinchcliff R, Westbrook J, Greenfield D, Baysari M, Moldovan M, Braithwaite J: Analysis of Australian newspaper coverage of medication errors. Int J Qual Health Care 2012, 24:1-8.
• [18]Smith MJ, Ellenberg SS, Bell LM, Rubin DM: Media coverage of the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine and autism controversy and its relationship to MMR immunization rates in the United States. Pediatrics 2008, 121:e836-843.
• [19]Schwartz LM, Woloshin S: News media coverage of screening mammography for women in their 40s and tamoxifen for primary prevention of breast cancer. JAMA 2002, 287:3136-3142.
• [20]Audit bureau of circulations Ltd. http://www.abc.org.uk/ webcite
• [21]Alliance for audited media. http://www.auditedmedia.com/ webcite
• [22]Bubela TM, Caulfield TA: Do the print media “hype” genetic research? a comparison of newspaper stories and peer-reviewed research papers. CMAJ 2004, 170:1399-1407.
• [23]Bubela TM, Boon H, Caulfield T: Herbal remedy clinical trials in the media: a comparison with the coverage of conventional pharmaceuticals. BMC Med 2008, 6:35.
• [24]Moynihan R, Bero L, Ross-Degnan D, Henry D, Lee K, Watkins J, Mah C, Soumerai SB: Coverage by the news media of the benefits and risks of medications. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1645-1650.
• [25]British Medical Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain: British national formulary. 60th edition. UK: BMJ Publishing Group; 2010.
• [26]Zhang J, Xie J, Hou W, Tu X, Xu J, Song F, Wang Z, Lu Z: Mapping the knowledge structure of research on patient adherence: knowledge domain visualization based co-word analysis and social network analysis. PLoS ONE 2012, 7(4):e34497.
• [27]Wilson A, Bonevski B, Jones A, Henry D: Media reporting of health interventions: signs of improvement, but major problems persist. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4831.
• [28]Basu AJ, Hogard E: Fit for public consumption? An exploratory study of the reporting of nutrition research in UK tabloids with regards to its accuracy, and a preliminary investigation of public attitudes towards it. Public Health Nutr 2008, 11:1124-1131.
• [29]Entwistle V, Hancock-Beaulieu M: Health and medical coverage in the UK national press. Public Underst Sci 1992, 1:367-382.
• [30]Schwartz LM, Woloshin S, Andrews A, Stukel TA: Influence of medical journal press releases on the quality of associated newspaper coverage: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2012, 344:d8164.
• [31]Vrijens B, De Geest S, Hughes DA, Przemyslaw K, Demonceau J, Ruppar T, Dobbles F, Fargher E, Morrison V, Lewek P, Matyiaszczyk M, Mshelia C, Clyne W, Aronson JK, Urquhart J, ABC Project Team: A new taxonomy for describing and defining adherence to medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012, 73:691-705.
• [32]van Trigt AM, de Jong-van den Berg LT, Voogt LM, Willems J, Tromp TF, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM: Setting the agenda: does the medical literature set the agenda for articles about medicines in the newspapers? Soc Sci Med 1995, 41:893-899.
• [33]Prosser H, Clayson K: A content analysis of prescription drug information in the UK print news media. Int J Pharm Pract 2008, 16:223-230.
• [34]Bartlett C, Sterne J, Egger M: What is newsworthy? Longitudinal study of the reporting of medical research in two British newspapers. BMJ 2002, 325:81-84.
• [35]Vize R: Reality of the NHS budget squeeze. BMJ 2011, 343:d8027.
• [36]National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Costing statement: medicines adherence: involving patients in decisions about prescribed medicines and supporting adherence. 2009. http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG76CostStatement.pdf webcite
• [37]World Health Organisation: The global burden of disease: update 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: ; 2006. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/index.html webcite
• [38]Pasternak AO, de Bruin M, Jurriaans S, Bakker M, Berkhout B, Prins JM, Lukashov VV: Modest non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy promotes residual HIV-1 replication in the absence of virological rebound in plasma. J Infect Dis 2012, 206:1443-1452.
• [39]Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, Brester M, Vergis EN, Squier C, Wagener MM, Singh N: Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:21-30.
• [40]Barber N, Parsons J, Clifford S, Darracott R, Horne R: Patients’ problems with new medication for chronic conditions. Qual Saf Health Care 2004, 13:172-175.
• [41]Maier S: All the news fit to post? comparing news content on the web to newspapers, television and radio. Journal Mass Commun Q 2010, 87:548-562.