Design and validation of a self-administered test to assess bullying (bull-M) in high school Mexicans: a pilot study

BMC Public Health

Rosa P Hernández-Torres¹  Oscar Esparza-Del Villar²  Abraham Wall-Medrano²  Arnulfo Ramos-Jimenez² 

[1] Escuela de Educación Física y Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico;Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Av. Plutarco Elías Calles y Hermanos Escobar s/n, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico

关键词: Validation;    Mexico;    Bullying;    School violence;   

Others  :  1162347
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-334

 received in 2012-09-27, accepted in 2013-04-02,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Bullying (Bull) is a public health problem worldwide, and Mexico is not exempt. However, its epidemiology and early detection in our country is limited, in part, by the lack of validated tests to ensure the respondents’ anonymity. The aim of this study was to validate a self-administered test (Bull-M) for assessing Bull among high-school Mexicans.

Methods

Experts and school teachers from highly violent areas of Ciudad Juarez (Chihuahua, México), reported common Bull behaviors. Then, a 10-item test was developed based on twelve of these behaviors; the students’ and peers’ participation in Bull acts and in some somatic consequences in Bull victims with a 5-point Likert frequency scale. Validation criteria were: content (CV, judges); reliability [Cronbach’s alpha (CA), test-retest (spearman correlation, r_s)]; construct [principal component (PCA), confirmatory factor (CFA), goodness-of-fit (GF) analysis]; and convergent (Bull-M vs. Bull-S test) validity.

Results

Bull-M showed good reliability (CA = 0.75, r_s = 0.91; p < 0.001). Two factors were identified (PCA) and confirmed (CFA): “bullying me (victim)” and “bullying others (aggressor)”. GF indices were: Root mean square error of approximation (0.031), GF index (0.97), and normalized fit index (0.92). Bull-M was as good as Bull-S for measuring Bull prevalence.

Conclusions

Bull-M has a good reliability and convergent validity and a bi-modal factor structure for detecting Bull victims and aggressors; however, its external validity and sensitivity should be analyzed on a wider and different population.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Ramos-Jimenez et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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