Prevalence of anemia before and after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV positive patients in Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study

BMC Research Notes

Bamlaku Enawgaw¹  Zelalem Tesfaye² 

[1] Department of Hematology & Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia;Department of Medical laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

关键词: HAART;    Anemia;    HIV;   

Others  :  1127190
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-0500-7-745

 received in 2014-07-18, accepted in 2014-10-14,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated anemia is common and it is a challenge for prognosis of HIV positive patients. It is stated in different literature that the prevalence of anemia due to HIV before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation is more prevalent than after HAART initiation. Thus this study aimed to assess anemia prevalence before and after initiation of HAART among HIV patients attending university of Gondar hospital from 2008 – 2013.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted by collecting data from antiretroviral clinic of University of Gondar Hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 30, 2013. Data was collected by using data collection sheet which contains age, sex, regimen type, hematological parameters and CD4 cell count. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. In order to compare means paired t-test was used. P- Value <0.05 was considered as significant.

Results

Prevalence of anemia before and after HAART initiation was 21.2% and 11.5% respectively. There is a significance difference in CD4 cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values on patients before and after HAART initiation (P <0.001). Opportunistic infection and CD4 cell count were associated with prevalence of anemia before HAART initiation.

Conclusion

There was a decline in the prevalence of anemia and increment of mean CD4 cell count among HIV infected patients after HAART initiation. HIV patients are recommended checking up their CD4 cell counts regularly and starting HAART when it is appropriate with regular follow-up.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Tesfaye and Enawgaw; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Bain BJ: The hematological feature of HIV infection. British J hemat 1997, 99:1-8.
• [2]Belperio PS, Rhew DC: Prevalence and outcomes of anemia in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus: a systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 2004, 116(Suppl 7A):27S-43S.
• [3]Ssali S, Munderi P, Reid A, Walker AS, Gilks C, W S: Severe anemia and associated Risk factors following initiation of ZDV-containing regimens in adults with HIV infection in Africa within the DART Trial. 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, USA, 22–25 February 2005: Abstract 24 2005, 22:22-25.
• [4]Semba RD, Gray GE: Pathogenesis of anemia during human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Investig Med 2001, 49(3):225-239.
• [5]WHO: Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Geneva: WHO Technical report series No 405; 1968.
• [6]WHO: Hemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
• [7]Cumacho J, Poveda F, Zamorano AF, Valence ME, Jvazquer J, Arnwich F: Serum erythropoietin level in anemic patients with advanced HIV infection. British J hematol 1992, 82:608-614.
• [8]Wyen C, Schmeisser N, Schmitz K, Woehrmann A, Hoffmann C, Fatkenheuer G: Development of HIV-associated anemia and hematological parameters after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Poster Exhibition: The XV International AIDS Conference 2004. Abstract no WePeB5901. http://www.iasociety.org/Abstracts/A2174042.aspx webcite
• [9]Semba RD, Shah N, Vlahos D: Improvement of Anemia Among HIV-Infected Injection Drug Users Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. JAIDS 2001, 26(4):315-319.
• [10]Gautama H, Bhalla P, Saini S, Dewan R: Correlation between baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte count and viral load in AIDS patients and their early clinical and immunological response to HAART: a preliminary study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008, 26(3):256-258.
• [11]Vrisekoop N, van Gent R, de Boer AB, Otto SA, Borleffs JC, Steingrover R, Prins JM, Kuijpers TW, Wolfs TF, Geelen SP, Vulto I, Lansdorp P, Tesselaar K, Borghans JA, Miedema F: Restoration of the CD4 T cell compartment after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy without phenotypical signs of accelerated immunological aging. J Immunol 2008, 181(2):1573-1581.
• [12]Adane A, Desta K, Bezabih A, Gashaye A, Kassa D: HIV-associated anaemia before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy at ART Centre of Minilik II Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2012, 50(1):13-21.
• [13]Daka D, Lelissa D, Amsalu A: Prevalence of anemia before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy at ART centre of Hawassa University Referral Hospital, Hawassa, South Ethiopia. Sch J Med 2013, 3(1):1-6.
• [14]Huruy K, Mulu A, Mengistu G, Shewa-Amare A, Akalu A, Kassu A, Andargie G, Elias D, Torben W: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome among HIV/AIDS patients during highly active antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008, 61(3):205-209.
• [15]Servais J, Nkoghe D, Schmit JC, Arendt V, Robert I, Staub T, Moutschen M, Schneider F, Hemmer R: HIV-associated hematologic disorders are correlated with plasma viral load and improve under highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001, 28(3):221-225.
• [16]Johannessen A, Naman E, Gundersen SG, Bruun JN: Antiretroviral treatment reverses HIV-associated anemia in rural Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 2011, 11:190. BioMed Central Full Text
• [17]Esan MO, Jonker FA, Hensbroek MB, Calis JC, Phiri KS: Iron deficiency in children with HIV-associated anaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2012, 106(10):579-587.