Effects of ethnicity and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and changes in bone mineral content in infants

BMC Pediatrics

Thomas O Carpenter²  Penni D Hicks¹  Stefanie P Rogers¹  Keli M Hawthorne¹  Steven A Abrams¹ 

[1] Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;Departments of Pediatrics (Endocrinology) and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA

关键词: bone mineral content;    vitamin D;    breastfeeding;   

Others  :  1178941
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2431-12-6

 received in 2011-10-28, accepted in 2012-01-16,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

To evaluate the effects on serum 25(OH)D and bone mineralization of supplementation of breast-fed Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian infants with vitamin D in infants in Houston, Texas.

Methods

We measured cord serum 25(OH)D levels, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and their changes over 3 months of life with 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation.

Results

Cord serum 25(OH)D was significantly lower in Hispanic than non-Hispanic Caucasian infants (16.4 ± 6.5 ng/mL, n = 27, vs 22.3 ± 9.4 n = 22, p = 0.013). Among 38 infants who completed a 3 month vitamin D supplementation intervention, provision of 400 IU/day of vitamin D increased final 25(OH)D to a higher level in non-Hispanic Caucasian compared to Hispanic infants. There was no significant relationship between cord serum 25(OH)D and BMC or BMD in the first week of life (n = 49) or after 3 months of vitamin D supplementation.

Conclusion

Low cord 25(OH)D levels are seen in Hispanic infants, but their functional significance is uncertain related to bone health in a southern US setting. Daily vitamin D intake of 400 IU during the first months of life appears adequate to increase serum 25(OH)D and support BMC increases despite low initial 25(OH)D levels in some infants.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Abrams et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 5.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Greer FR: Issues in establishing vitamin D recommendations for infants and children. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 80(6 Suppl1):1759-1762S.
• [2]Institute of Medicine: Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2011.
• [3]Wagner CL, Greer FR, American Academy of Pediatrics, Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Nutrition: Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 2008, 122:1142-1152. [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 2009;123:197]
• [4]Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, Murad MH, Weaver CM: Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011, 96:1911-1930.
• [5]Greer FR, Searcy JE, Levin RS, Steichen JJ, Asch PS, Tsang RC: Bone mineral content and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in breast-fed infants with and without supplemental vitamin D. J Pediatr 1981, 98:696-701.
• [6]Bowyer L, Catling-Paull C, Diamond T, Homer C, Davis G, Craig ME: Vitamin D, PTH and calcium levels in pregnant women and their neonates. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009, 70:372-377.
• [7]Abrams SA: In utero physiology: role in nutrient delivery and fetal development for calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2007, 85:604S-607S.
• [8]Tu YK, Gilthorpe MS: Revisiting the relation between change and initial value: A review and evaluation. Statist Med 2007, 26:443-457.
• [9]Ramavat LG: Vitamin D deficiency rickets at birth in Kuwait. Indian J Pediatr 1999, 66:37-43.
• [10]Fuleihan GET: Vitamin D Deficiency in the Middle East and its health consequences for children and adults. Clinic Rev Bone Miner Metab 2009, 7:77-93.
• [11]Hirsch DS, Dillon C, Lorenz JM, Holick MF: Current AAP vitamin D supplementation guidelines may be inappropriate for some breastfeeding term Hispanic neonates. Pediatr Res 2004, 55:2523. (Abstract)
• [12]Zeghoud F, Vervel C, Guillozo H, Walrant-Debray O, Boutignon H, Garabedian M: Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in neonates: definition and response to vitamin D supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 1997, 65:771-778.
• [13]Merewood A, Mehta SD, Grossman X, Chen TC, Mathieu JS, Holick MF, Bauchner H: Widespread vitamin D deficiency in urban Massachusetts newborns and their mothers. Pediatrics 2010, 125:640-647.
• [14]Kaplan W, Karaviti LP, McKay SV: Hypocalcemia of infancy: effects of formula and ethnicity. Int Pediatr J Miami Child 2005, 20:34-39.
• [15]Park MJ, Namgung R, Kim DH, et al.: Bone mineral content is not reduced despite low vitamin D status in breast milk-fed infants versus cow's milk based formula-fed infants. J Pediatr 1998, 132:641-645.
• [16]Greer FR, Marshall S: Bone mineral content, serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations, and ultraviolet B light exposure in infants fed human milk with and without vitamin D2 supplements. J Pediatr 1989, 114:204-212.
• [17]Aloia JF, Patel M, Dimaano R, Li-Ng M, Talwar SA, Mikhail M, Pollack S, Yeh JK: Vitamin D intake to attain a desired serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Am J Clin Nutr 2008, 87:1952-1958.
• [18]Abrams SA, Copeland KC, Gunn SK, Stuff JE, Clarke LL, Ellis KJ: Calcium absorption and kinetics are similar in 7- and 8-year-old Mexican-American and Caucasian girls despite hormonal differences. J Nutr 1999, 129:666-671.