Working with argan cake: a new etiology for hypersensitivity pneumonitis

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Isabelle Thaon¹  Cécile Guidat²  Coralie Barrera³  Emmanuelle Penven¹  Gabriel Reboux³  Fabrice Herin⁴  Christophe Paris¹ 

[1] CHU Nancy, Centre de consultations de pathologies professionnelles, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy F-54511, France;Association Lorraine de Santé en Milieu de Travail, Pulnoy F-54425, France;Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU J. Minjoz, Besançon F-25030, France;Université de Toulouse, UMR 1027, Toulouse F-31000, France

关键词: Occupational diseases;    Argan;    Hypersensitivity pneumonitis;   

Others  :  1161116
DOI  :  10.1186/s12890-015-0013-3

 received in 2014-06-16, accepted in 2015-02-19,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Argan is now used worldwide in numerous cosmetic products. Nine workers from a cosmetic factory were examined in our occupational medicine department, following the diagnosis of a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) related to handling of argan cakes.

Methods

Operators were exposed to three forms of argan (crude granulates, powder or liquid) depending on the step of the process. All workers systematically completed standardized questionnaires on occupational and medical history, followed by medical investigations, comprising, in particular, physical examination and chest X-rays, total IgE and a systematic screening for specific serum antibodies directed against the usual microbial agents of domestic and farmer’s HP and antigens derived from microbiological culture and extracts of various argan products. Subjects with episodes of flu-like syndrome several hours after handling argan cakes, were submitted to a one-hour challenge to argan cakes followed by physical examination, determination of Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO) and chest CT-scan on day 2, and, when necessary, bronchoalveolar lavage on day 4.

Results

Six of the nine workers experienced flu-like symptoms within 8 hours after argan handling. After challenge, two subjects presented a significant decrease of DLCO and alveolitis with mild lymphocytosis, and one presented ground glass opacities. These two patients and another patient presented significant arcs to both granulates and non-sterile powder. No reactivity was observed to sterile argan finished product, antigens derived from argan cultures (various species of Bacillus) and Streptomyces marokkonensis (reported in the literature to contaminate argan roots).

Conclusions

We report the first evidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to argan powder in two patients. This implies preventive measures to reduce their exposure and clinical survey to diagnose early symptoms. As exposure routes are different and antibodies were observed against argan powder and not the sterile form, consumers using argan-based cosmetics should not be concerned.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Paris et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

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