A Southern Hemisphere origin for campanulid angiosperms, with traces of the break-up of Gondwana

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Michael J Donoghue³  David C Tank²  Jeremy M Beaulieu¹ 

[1] National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, 1122 Volunteer Blvd, Ste. 106, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 3051, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA;Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA

关键词: Vicariance;    Southern Hemisphere;    Gondwana;    Biogeography;    Campanulids;    Campanulidae;   

Others  :  1126987
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-13-80

 received in 2012-09-17, accepted in 2013-04-02,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

New powerful biogeographic methods have focused attention on long-standing hypotheses regarding the influence of the break-up of Gondwana on the biogeography of Southern Hemisphere plant groups. Studies to date have often concluded that these groups are too young to have been influenced by these ancient continental movements. Here we examine a much larger and older angiosperm clade, the Campanulidae, and infer its biogeographic history by combining Bayesian divergence time information with a likelihood-based biogeographic model focused on the Gondwanan landmasses.

Results

Our analyses imply that campanulids likely originated in the middle Albian (~105 Ma), and that a substantial portion of the early evolutionary history of campanulids took place in the Southern Hemisphere, despite their greater species richness in the Northern Hemisphere today. We also discovered several disjunctions that show biogeographic and temporal correspondence with the break-up of Gondwana.

Conclusions

While it is possible to discern traces of the break-up of Gondwana in clades that are old enough, it will generally be difficult to be confident in continental movement as the prime cause of geographic disjunctions. This follows from the need for the geographic disjunction, the inferred biogeographic scenario, and the dating of the lineage splitting events to be consistent with the causal hypothesis.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Beaulieu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

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