Age estimates for an adaptive lake fish radiation, its mitochondrial introgression, and an unexpected sister group: Sailfin silversides of the Malili Lakes system in Sulawesi

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fabian Herder⁴  Ulrich K Schliewen²  Renny K Hadiaty¹  Isabella Stöger²  Björn Stelbrink³ 

[1]Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Ichthyology Laboratory, Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl, Raya Bogor Km 46, 16911 Cibinong, Indonesia

[2]Department of Ichthyology, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany

[3]Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz-Institute für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt, Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany

[4]Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Sektion Ichthyologie, Adenauerallee 160,D-53113 Bonn, Germany

关键词: Introgressive hybridization;    Adaptive radiation;    Biogeography;    Sulawesi;    Southeast Asia;    Mitochondrial DNA;    Molecular clock;   

Others  :  856607
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2148-14-94

 received in 2014-04-17, accepted in 2014-04-22,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The Malili Lakes system in central Sulawesi (Indonesia) is a hotspot of freshwater biodiversity in the Wallacea, characterized by endemic species flocks like the sailfin silversides (Teleostei: Atherinomorpha: Telmatherinidae) radiation. Phylogenetic reconstructions of these freshwater fishes have previously revealed two Lake Matano Telmatherina lineages (sharpfins and roundfins) forming an ancient monophyletic group, which is however masked by introgressive hybridization of sharpfins with riverine populations. The present study uses mitochondrial data, newly included taxa, and different external calibration points, to estimate the age of speciation and hybridization processes, and to test for phylogeographic relationships between Kalyptatherina from ancient islands off New Guinea, Marosatherina from SW Sulawesi, and the Malili Lakes flock.

Results

Contrary to previous expectations, Kalyptatherina is the closest relative to the Malili Lakes Telmatherinidae, and Marosatherina is the sister to this clade. Palaeogeographic reconstructions of Sulawesi suggest that the closer relationship of the Malili Lakes radiation to Kalyptatherina might be explained by a 'terrane-rafting’ scenario, while proto-Marosatherina might have colonized Sulawesi by marine dispersal. The most plausible analysis conducted here implies an age of c. 1.9 My for the onset of divergence between the two major clades endemic to Lake Matano. Diversification within both lineages is apparently considerably more recent (c. 1.0 My); stream haplotypes present in the sharpfins are of even more recent origin (c. 0.4 My).

Conclusions

Sulawesi’s Telmatherinidae have most likely originated in the Sahul Shelf area, have possibly reached the island by both, marine dispersal and island/terrane-rafting, and have colonized the Malili Lakes system from rivers. Estimates for the split between the epibenthic sharpfins and the predominantly pelagic to benthopelagic roundfins in Lake Matano widely coincide with geological age estimates of this rift lake. Diversification within both clades clearly predates hybridization events with stream populations. For Lake Matano, these results support a scenario of initial benthic-pelagic divergence after colonization of the lake by riverine populations, followed by rapid radiation within both clades within the last 1 My. Secondary hybridization of stream populations with the sharpfins occurred more recently, and has thus most likely not contributed to the initial divergence of this benthic species flock.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Stelbrink et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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