Evaluation of maxillary anterior teeth and their relation to the golden proportion in malaysian population

BMC Oral Health

Ibrahim Khalil Ibrahim¹  Kais Raad Abdul Majeed²  Maan Ibrahim Al-Marzok³ 

[1]Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ajman University of Science and Technology, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

[2]Department of Conservative Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia

[3]Department of Restorative Dentistry, MAHSA University College, Level 6, Block E, Pusat Bandar Damansara, 50490, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

关键词: Anterior teeth;    Aesthetics;    Malaysian ethnics;    Golden proportion;   

Others  :  1126152
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6831-13-9

 received in 2012-07-24, accepted in 2013-01-22,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The maxillary anterior teeth are important in achieving pleasing dental aesthetics. Various methods are used to measure the size and form of them, including the golden proportion between their perceived widths, and the width-to-height ratio, referred to as the golden standard. The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluate whether consistent relationships exist between tooth width and height of the clinical crown dimensions; and to investigate the occurrence of the golden proportion of the maxillary anterior teeth.

Methods

Dental casts of the maxillary arches were made in this cross-sectional study from MAHSA University College students who met the inclusion criteria. The 49 participants represented the Malaysian population main ethnics. The dimensions of the anterior teeth and the perceived width of anterior teeth viewed from front were measured using a digital caliper.

Results

Comparison of the perceived width ratio of lateral to central incisor and canine to lateral incisor with the golden proportion of 0.618 revealed there were a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). The statistical difference was significant for the width-to-height ratio of central incisors to the golden standard of 80%. There was no significant difference in the comparison among ethnic groups for the golden proportion and the golden standard.

Conclusions

The golden proportion was not found to exist between the perceived widths of maxillary anterior teeth. No golden standard were detected for the width-to-height proportions of maxillary incisors. Specific population characteristics and perception of beauty must be considered. However, ethnicity has no association with the proportions of maxillary anterior teeth.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Al-Marzok et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Hasanresioglu U, Berksun S, Arus K, Aslan I: An analysis of maxillary anterior teeth: facial and dental proportion. J Prosthet Dent 2005, 94:530-538.
• [2]Levin EI: Dental esthetics and the golden proportion. J Prosthet Dent 1978, 40(3):244-252.
• [3]Singh R, Datta K: The golden proportion. God’s Building block for the world. J Indian Prosthodontic Soc 2008, 8(1):6-9.
• [4]Lombardi RE: The principles of visual perception and clinical application to denture esthetics. J Prosthet Dent 1973, 29:358-382.
• [5]Parnia F, Hafezeqoran A, Mahboub F, Moslehifard E, Koodaryan R, Moteyagheni R, Saber FS: Proportions of maxillary anterior teeth relative to each other and to the golden standard in Tabriz dental faculty students. JODDD 2010, 4(3):83-86.
• [6]Levin EI: The updated application of the golden proportion to dental aesthetics. Aesthetic Dentistry today 2011, 5(3):22-27.
• [7]Rosenstiel SF, Land MF, Fujimoto J: Contemporary fixed prosthodontics. 3rd edition. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 2001:598-599.
• [8]Wolfart S, Quass AC, Freitag S, Kroop P, Greber W, Kern M: Subjective and objective perception of upper incisors. J Oral Rehabil 2006, 33:489-495.
• [9]Peixoto LM, Louro RL, Gomes AA, de Nascimento APC: Photographic analysis of esthetic dental proportions. Rev Gaucha Odontol 2012, 60(1):13-17.
• [10]Dupont WD, Plummer WD: Power and sample size calculations for studies involving linear regression. Controlled Clin Trials 1998, 19:589-601.
• [11]Abd.Rahman ANA and Othman SI: Comparison of tooth size discrepancy of three main ethnics in Malaysia with Bolton’s ratio. Sains Malaysiana 2012, 41(2):271-275.
• [12]Yaacob H, Nambiar P, Naidu MDK: Racial characteristics of human teeth with special emphasis on the Mongoloid dentition. Malaysian J Pathol 1996, 18(1):1-7.
• [13]Fayyad MA, Jamani KD, Aqrabawi J: Geometric and mathematical proportions and their relations to maxillary anterior teeth. JCDP 2006, 7(5):62-70.
• [14]Rosenstiel SF, Ward DH, Rashid RG: Dentists’ preferences of anterior teeth proportion. A web-based study. J Prosthodont 2000, 9(3):123-136.
• [15]Ward DH: Proportional smile design using the resurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion. Dent Clin North Am 2001, 45:143-155.
• [16]Priston JD: The golden proportion revisited. J Esthet Dent 1993, 5:247-251.
• [17]Gillen RJ, Schwartz RS, Hilton TJ: An analysis of selected normative tooth proportion. Int J Prosthodont 1994, 7:410-417.
• [18]Mahshid M, Khoshvagti A, Varshosaz M, Vallaei N: Evalution of golden proportion in individuals with an esthetic smile. J Esthet Restor Dent 2004, 16:185-192.
• [19]Murthi BVS, Ramani N: Evaluation of natural smile: golden proportion, RED or golden percentage. J Conserv Dent 2008, 11(1):16-21.
• [20]Petricevic N, Stipetic J, Antonic R, Borcic J, Strujic M, Kovacic I, Celebic A: Relations between anterior permanent teeth, dental arches and hard palate. Coll Antropol 2008, 32(4):1099-1104.
• [21]Ku JE, Yang HS, Yun KD: A morphometric analysis of maxillary central incisor on the basis of facial appearance in Korea. J Adv Prosthodont 2012, 4:13-17.