Comparative genome sequencing reveals chemotype-specific gene clusters in the toxigenic black mold Stachybotrys

BMC Genomics

Nick V Grishin²  Zbyszek Otwinowski¹  Dominika Borek¹  Jeremy Semeiks³ 

[1]Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

[2]Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

[3]Molecular Biophysics Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

关键词: Whole-genome sequencing;    Atranones;    Satratoxins;    Toxins;    Trichothecene biosynthesis;    Secondary metabolism;    Comparative genomics;    Stachybotrys;   

Others  :  1216490
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-590

 received in 2013-01-18, accepted in 2014-07-03,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The fungal genus Stachybotrys produces several diverse toxins that affect human health. Its strains comprise two mutually-exclusive toxin chemotypes, one producing satratoxins, which are a subclass of trichothecenes, and the other producing the less-toxic atranones. To determine the genetic basis for chemotype-specific differences in toxin production, the genomes of four Stachybotrys strains were sequenced and assembled de novo. Two of these strains produce atranones and two produce satratoxins.

Results

Comparative analysis of these four 35-Mbp genomes revealed several chemotype-specific gene clusters that are predicted to make secondary metabolites. The largest, which was named the core atranone cluster, encodes 14 proteins that may suffice to produce all observed atranone compounds via reactions that include an unusual Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. Satratoxins are suggested to be made by products of multiple gene clusters that encode 21 proteins in all, including polyketide synthases, acetyltransferases, and other enzymes expected to modify the trichothecene skeleton. One such satratoxin chemotype-specific cluster is adjacent to the core trichothecene cluster, which has diverged from those of other trichothecene producers to contain a unique polyketide synthase.

Conclusions

The results suggest that chemotype-specific gene clusters are likely the genetic basis for the mutually-exclusive toxin chemotypes of Stachybotrys. A unified biochemical model for Stachybotrys toxin production is presented. Overall, the four genomes described here will be useful for ongoing studies of this mold’s diverse toxicity mechanisms.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Semeiks et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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