Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults: a systematic review

BMC Public Health

Jordi Salas-Salvadó¹  Nancy Babio¹  Josefina Bressan²  Fernandade Carvalho Vidigal² 

[1] CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Science, Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil

关键词: Brazil;    Prevalence;    Metabolic syndrome;   

Others  :  1161426
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-13-1198

 received in 2013-09-10, accepted in 2013-12-11,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This syndrome increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. It has been demonstrated that the prevalence of MS is increasing worldwide. Despite the importance of MS in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, few studies have described the prevalence of MS and its determinants in Latin America. The present study aims to assess studies describing the prevalence of MS in Brazil in order to determine the global prevalence of the syndrome and its components.

Methods

Systematic review. Searches were carried out in PubMed and Scielo from the earliest available online indexing year through May 2013. There were no restrictions on language. The search terms used to describe MS were taken from the PubMed (MeSH) dictionary: “metabolic syndrome x”, “prevalence” and “Brazil”. Studies were included if they were cross-sectional, described the prevalence of MS and were conducted in apparently healthy subjects, from the general population, 19-64 years old (adult and middle aged) of both genders. The titles and abstracts of all the articles identified were screened for eligibility.

Results

Ten cross-sectional studies were selected. The weighted mean for general prevalence of MS in Brazil was 29.6% (range: 14.9%-65.3%). Half of the studies used the criteria for clinical diagnosis of MS proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) (2001). The highest prevalence of MS (65.3%) was found in a study conducted in an indigenous population, whereas the lowest prevalence of MS (14.9%) was reported in a rural area. The most frequent MS components were low HDL-cholesterol (59.3%) and hypertension (52.5%).

Conclusions

Despite methodological differences among the studies selected, our findings suggested a high prevalence of MS in the Brazilian adult population.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 de Carvalho Vidigal et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart J-C, James WPT, Loria CM, Smith SC: Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; american heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation 2009, 120(16):1640-1645.
• [2]Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, Gami LA, Somers VK, Montori VM: Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007, 49(4):403-414.
• [3]Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes, Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos da Obesidade: I Diretriz brasileira de diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome metabólica. Arq Bras Cardiol 2005, 84:3-28.
• [4]International diabetes federation, the IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Meta_def_final.pdf webcite
• [5]Salaroli LB, Barbosa GC, Mill JG, Molina MCB: Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em estudo de base populacional, Vitória, ES–Brasil. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2007, 51(7):1143-1152.
• [6]Bullon P, Morillo JM, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Quiles JL, Newman HN, Battino M: Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: is oxidative stress a common link? J Dent Res 2009, 88(6):503-518.
• [7]Beltrán-Sánchez H, Harhay MO, Harhay MM, McElligott S: Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult US population, 1999-2010. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013, 62(8):697-703.
• [8]Aguilar-Salinas CA, Rojas R, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Valles V, Ríos-Torres JM, Franco A, Olaiz G, Rull JA, Sepúlveda J: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Mexico. Arch Med Res 2004, 35(1):76-81.
• [9]Florez H, Silva E, Fernández V, Ryder E, Sulbarán T, Campos G, Calmón G, Clavel E, Castillo-Florez S, Goldberg R: Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in white, black, Amerindian and mixed hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005, 69(1):63-77.
• [10]Medina-Lezama J, Zea-Diaz H, Morey-Vargas OL, Bolaños-Salazar JF, Muñoz-Atahualpa E, Postigo-MacDowall M, Corrales-Medina F, Valdivia-Ascuña Z, Cuba-Bustinza C, Paredes-Díaz S, et al.: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Peruvian Andean hispanics: the PREVENCION study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007, 78(2):270-281.
• [11]Pinzón JB, Serrano NC, Díaz LA, Mantilla G, Velasco HM, Martínez LX, Millán PA, Acevedo SM, Moreno D: Impacto de las nuevas definiciones en la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en una población adulta de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Biomedica 2007, 27(2):172-179.
• [12]Mujica V, Leiva E, Icaza G, Diaz N, Arredondo M, Moore-Carrasco R, Orrego R, Vasquez M, Palomo I: Evaluation of metabolic syndrome in adults of Talca City, Chile. Nutr J 2008, 7(1):14. BioMed Central Full Text
• [13]Márquez-Sandoval F, Macedo-Ojeda G, Viramontes-Horner D, Fernández Ballart JD, Salas Salvadó J, Vizmanos B: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2011, 14(10):1702-1713.
• [14]Pimenta AM, Gazzinelli A, Velásquez-Meléndez G: Prevalência da síndrome metabólica e seus fatores associados em área rural de Minas Gerais (MG, Brasil). Cien Saude Colet 2011, 16(7):3297-3306.
• [15]Silva EC, Martins IS, Araújo EAC: Síndrome metabólica e baixa estatura em adultos da região metropolitana de São Paulo (SP, Brasil). Cien Saude Colet 2011, 16(2):663-668.
• [16]Marquezine GF, Oliveira CM, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Mill JG: Metabolic syndrome determinants in an urban population from Brazil: Social class and gender-specific interaction. Int J Cardiol 2008, 129(2):259-265.
• [17]Gronner MF, Bosi PL, Carvalho AM, Casale G, Contrera D, Pereira MA, Diogo TM, Torquato MTCG, Souza GMD, Oishi J, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with educational inequalities among Brazilian adults: a population-based study. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011, 44(7):713-719.
• [18]Dutra ES, de Carvalho KMB, Miyazaki E, Merchán-Hamann E, Ito MK: Metabolic syndrome in central Brazil: prevalence and correlates in the adult population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012, 4(1):1-9. BioMed Central Full Text
• [19]Velásquez-Meléndez G, Gazzinelli A, Côrrea-Oliveira R, Pimenta AM, Kac G: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural area of Brazil. Sao Paulo Med J 2007, 125(3):155-162.
• [20]de Oliveira EP, de Souza MLA, de Lima MDA: Prevalência de síndrome metabólica em uma área rural do semi-árido baiano. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2006, 50(3):456-465.
• [21]de Oliveira GF, de Oliveira TR, Rodrigues FF, Corrêa LF, de Arruda TB, Casulari LA: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the indigenous population, aged 19 to 69 years, from Jaguapiru Village, Dourados (MS). Brazil. Ethn Dis 2011, 21(3):301-306.
• [22]da Rocha AKS, Bós AJG, Huttner E, Machado DC: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in indigenous people over 40 years of age in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2011, 29(1):41-45.
• [23]IBGE, Censo Demográfico 1991/2010 http://indigenas.ibge.gov.br/graficos-e-tabelas-2?print=1&tmpl=component webcite
• [24]Fonseca MJ, Gaio R, Lopes C, Santos AC: Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in a sample of Portuguese adults. Nutr J 2012, 11:64. BioMed Central Full Text
• [25]Corbatón-Anchuelo A, Martínez-Larrad MT, Fernández-Pérez C, Vega-Quiroga S, Ibarra-Rueda JM, Serrano-Ríos M, For The Segovia Insulin Resistance Study Group M: Metabolic syndrome, adiponectin, and cardiovascular risk in Spain (The Segovia Study): impact of consensus societies criteria. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013, 11(5):309-318.
• [26]Wagner A, Dallongeville J, Haas B, Ruidavets JB, Amouyel P, Ferrières J, Simon C, Arveiler D: Sedentary behaviour, physical activity and dietary patterns are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab 2012, 38(5):428-435.
• [27]Lacoviello L, Bonanni A, Costanzo S, Curtis A, Di Castelnuovo A, Olivieri M, Zito F, Donati MB, Gaetano G, the Moli-sani Project Investigators: The Moli-Sani project, a randomized, prospective cohort study in the Molise region in Italy; design, rationale and objectives. Ital J Public Health 2007, 4(2):110-118.
• [28]Escobedo J, Schargrodsky H, Champagne B, Silva H, Boissonnet C, Vinueza R, Torres M, Hernandez R, Wilson E: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Latin America and its association with sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: the CARMELA cross sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2009, 8(1):52. BioMed Central Full Text
• [29]Belfki H, Ali SB, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Traissac P, Bougatef S, Maire B, Delpeuch F, Achour N, Ben Romdhane H: Prevalence and determinants of the metabolic syndrome among Tunisian adults: results of the transition and health impact in North Africa (TAHINA) project. Public Health Nutr 2012, 16(04):582-590.
• [30]Wang GR, Li L, Pan YH, Tian GD, Lin WL, Li Z, Chen ZY, Gong YL, Kikano G, Stange K, et al.: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban community residents in China. BMC Public Health 2013, 13(1):599. BioMed Central Full Text
• [31]Gundogan K, Bayram F, Gedik V, Kaya A, Karaman A, Demir O, Sabuncu T, Kocer D, Coskun R: Metabolic syndrome prevalence according to ATP III and IDF criteria and related factors in Turkish adults. Arch Med Sci 2013, 9(2):243-253.
• [32]Azimi-Nezhad M, Herbeth B, Siest G, Dadé S, Ndiaye NC, Esmaily H, Hosseini SJ, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Visvikis-Siest S: High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran in comparison with France: what are the components that explain this? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012, 10(3):181-188.
• [33]Kuang-Yao Pan W, Erlien C, Bilsborrow RE: Morbidity and mortality disparities among colonist and indigenous populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Soc Sci Med 2010, 70(3):401-411.
• [34]Coimbra CE Jr, Santos RV, Welch J, Cardoso AM, de Souza MC, Garnelo L, Rassi E, Foller M-L, Horta B: The first national survey of indigenous people’s health and nutrition in Brazil: rationale, methodology, and overview of results. BMC Public Health 2013, 13(1):52. BioMed Central Full Text
• [35]Barbosa PJB, Lessa I, Almeida Filho N, Magalhães LBNC, Araújo J: Critério de obesidade central em população brasileira: impacto sobre a síndrome metabólica. Arq Bras Cardiol 2006, 87:407-414.
• [36]Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, Gordon DJ, Krauss RM, Savage PJ, Smith SC, et al.: Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American heart association/national heart, lung, and blood institute scientific statement. Circulation 2005, 112(17):2735-2752.