Four major dietary patterns identified for a target-population of adults residing in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

BMC Public Health

Peizhong Peter Wang¹  Jing Yan¹  Natasha Baker²  Jennifer Colbourne²  Ann Ryan²  Barbara Roebothan²  Lin Liu²  Zhi Chen² 

[1] School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China;Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada

关键词: Nutritional epidemiology;    Factor analysis;    Dietary pattern;   

Others  :  1121568
DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-015-1433-y

 received in 2014-06-18, accepted in 2015-01-15,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Very limited nutritional epidemiological studies conducted to explore the unique dietary exposure in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). This study aims to identify and characterize major dietary patterns in the target-population from general adult NL residents and assess the associations with selected demographic factors.

Methods

A total of 192 participants, aged 35–70 years, completed and returned a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and participated in a telephone interview to collect demographic information. Dietary patterns were identified by common factor analysis. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess determinants of the different food consumption patterns. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for food scores of each pattern, total energy, and energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.

Results

Factor analyses identified four dietary patterns, which were labeled as “Meat”, “Vegetable/fruit”, “Fish”, and “Grain” patterns. In combination, the four dietary patterns explained 63% of the variance in dietary habits of the study population. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated an increasing trend of factor scores for Meat and Grain pattern with age. Male participants were found to be more likely to choose the Meat and Fish patterns. Current smokers and those married/living together tend to choose the Grain pattern. Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed positive correlations between fat and cholesterol and the Meat pattern, fiber and the Vegetable/fruits pattern, protein and the Fish pattern, and carbohydrates and the Grain pattern.

Conclusion

This study derived four dietary patterns and obtained their significant associations with specific demographic characteristics in this population. It identified one dietary consumption pattern (Fish) not yet seen in other studied populations. These findings will update the current dietary-health information published in this province, and contribute to further research into the association between dietary practices and health.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Langsetmo L, Poliquin S, Hanley DA, Prior JC, Barr S, Anastassiades T, et al.: Dietary patterns in Canadian men and women ages 25 and older: relationship to demographics, body mass index, and bone mineral density. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010, 11:20. BioMed Central Full Text
• [2]Naja F, Nasreddine L, Itani L, Chamieh MC, Adra N, Sibai AM, et al.: Dietary patterns and their association with obesity and sociodemographic factors in a national sample of Lebanese adults. Public Health Nutr 2011, 14(9):1570-8.
• [3]Hu FB: Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002, 13(1):3-9.
• [4]Sheikholeslam R: Food consumption pattern and nutritional problems in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Nutr Health 2001, 15(1):69-70.
• [5]Bedard A, Goulet J, Riverin M, Lamarche B, Lemieux S: Effects of a dietary intervention promoting the adoption of a Mediterranean food pattern on fast-food consumption among healthy French-Canadian women. Br J Nutr 2010, 104(11):1662-5.
• [6]Nesbitt A, Majowicz S, Finley R, Pollari F, Pintar K, Marshall B, et al.: Food consumption patterns in the Waterloo Region, Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional telephone survey. BMC Public Health 2008, 8:370. BioMed Central Full Text
• [7]Norimah AK Jr, Safiah M, Jamal K, Haslinda S, Zuhaida H, Rohida S, et al.: Food consumption patterns: findings from the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS). Malays J Nutr 2008, 14(1):25-39.
• [8]Kjollesdal MR, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Mosdol A, Wandel M: The relative importance of socioeconomic indicators in explaining differences in BMI and waist:hip ratio, and the mediating effect of work control, dietary patterns and physical activity. Br J Nutr 2010, 104(8):1230-40.
• [9]Horn LV, Tian L, Neuhouser ML, Howard BV, Eaton CB, Snetselaar L, et al.: Dietary patterns are associated with disease risk among participants in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. J Nutr 2012, 142(2):284-91.
• [10]Fung TT, Schulze M, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB: Dietary patterns, meat intake, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Arch Intern Med 2004, 164(20):2235-40.
• [11]Kant AK: Dietary patterns: biomarkers and chronic disease risk. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010, 35(2):199-206.
• [12]Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Yamamoto JF, Sharma S, Hankin JH, et al.: Dietary patterns using the Food Guide Pyramid groups are associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors: the multiethnic cohort study. J Nutr 2005, 135(4):843-9.
• [13]Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Boeing H: Dietary patterns and their association with food and nutrient intake in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study. Br J Nutr 2001, 85(3):363-73.
• [14]Kerver JM, Yang EJ, Bianchi L, Song WO: Dietary patterns associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in healthy US adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 78(6):1103-10.
• [15]Eating Healthier in Newfoundland and Labrador: Provincial Food and Nutrition Framework and Action Plan. In: Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; 2006.
• [16]Life expectancey at birth, by sex, by province. In: Statistics Canada; 2012.
• [17]Health fact sheet-diabetes, 2013. In: Statistics Canada; 2013.
• [18]CANSIM Table 102–0552. Deaths and mortality rate, by selected grouped causes and sex, Canada, provinces and territories. In: Statistics Canada; 2014.
• [19]Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, Nutrition Focus. [http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/surveill/nutrition/commun/cchs_focus-volet_escc-eng.php]
• [20]Liu L, Wang PP, Roebothan B, Ryan A, Tucker CS, Colbourne J, et al.: Assessing the validity of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in the adult population of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Nutr J 2013, 12:49. BioMed Central Full Text
• [21]Statistics Canada. St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (Code 1001519) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Code 10) (table). In: Census Profile. 2011 Census. Ottawa: Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-XWE; 2012. Released October 24, 2012. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 22, 2015).
• [22]Wang PP, Dicks E, Gong X, Buehler S, Zhao J, Squires J, et al.: Validity of random-digit-dialing in recruiting controls in a case–control study. Am J Health Behav 2009, 33(5):513-20.
• [23]Interdisciplinary Committee on Ethics in Human Research. [http://www.mun.ca/research/researchers/ethics_committee.php]
• [24]Fluge O, Gravdal K, Carlsen E, Vonen B, Kjellevold K, Refsum S, et al.: Expression of EZH2 and Ki-67 in colorectal cancer and associations with treatment response and prognosis. Br J Cancer 2009, 101(8):1282-9.
• [25]Takata Y, Maskarinec G, Franke A, Nagata C, Shimizu H: A comparison of dietary habits among women in Japan and Hawaii. Public Health Nutr 2004, 7(2):319-26.
• [26]Stram DO, Longnecker MP, Shames L, Kolonel LN, Wilkens LR, Pike MC, et al.: Cost-efficient design of a diet validation study. Am J Epidemiol 1995, 142(3):353-62.
• [27]Stram DO, Hankin JH, Wilkens LR, Pike MC, Monroe KR, Park S, et al.: Calibration of the dietary questionnaire for a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles. Am J Epidemiol 2000, 151(4):358-70.
• [28]ESHA Food Processor. [http://www.esha.com/foodprosql]
• [29]Willett W: Nutritional epidemiology. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, New York; 1998.
• [30]Kline P: An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge, London; New York; 1994.
• [31]Hair JF: Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J; 1998.
• [32]Yang EJ, Kerver JM, Song WO: Dietary patterns of Korean Americans described by factor analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 2005, 24(2):115-21.
• [33]van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB: Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men. Ann Intern Med 2002, 136(3):201-9.
• [34]Walker M, Aronson KJ, King W, Wilson JW, Fan W, Heaton JP, et al.: Dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada. Int J Cancer 2005, 116(4):592-8.
• [35]Magalhaes B, Peleteiro B, Lunet N: Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2012, 21(1):15-23.
• [36]Eilat-Adar S, Mete M, Fretts A, Fabsitz RR, Handeland V, Lee ET, et al.: Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in a population undergoing lifestyle changes: The Strong Heart Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013, 23(6):528-35.
• [37]Bamia C, Orfanos P, Ferrari P, Overvad K, Hundborg HH, Tjonneland A, et al.: Dietary patterns among older Europeans: the EPIC-Elderly study. Br J Nutr 2005, 94(1):100-13.
• [38]Stricker MD, Onland-Moret NC, Boer JM, van der Schouw YT, Verschuren WM, May AM, et al.: Dietary patterns derived from principal component- and k-means cluster analysis: Long-term association with coronary heart disease and stroke. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013, 23((3):250-6.
• [39]Kurotani K, Budhathoki S, Joshi AM, Yin G, Toyomura K, Kono S, et al.: Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in a Japanese population: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Br J Nutr 2010, 104(11):1703-11.
• [40]History of Newfoundland Cod Fishery. [https://www.cdli.ca/cod/history5.htm]
• [41]Schwerin HS, Stanton JL, Riley AM Jr, Schaefer AE, Leveille GA, Elliott JG, et al.: Food eating patterns and health: a reexamination of the Ten-State and HANES I surveys. Am J Clin Nutr 1981, 34(4):568-80.
• [42]Barker ME, McClean SI, Thompson KA, Reid NG: Dietary behaviours and sociocultural demographics in Northern Ireland. Br J Nutr 1990, 64(2):319-29.
• [43]Tucker KL: Dietary patterns, approaches, and multicultural perspective. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010, 35(2):211-8.
• [44]van Dam RM, Grievink L, Ocke MC, Feskens EJ: Patterns of food consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the general Dutch population. Am J Clin Nutr 2003, 77(5):1156-63.
• [45]Magalhaes B, Bastos J, Lunet N: Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer: a case–control study from Portugal. Eur J Cancer Prev 2011, 20(5):389-95.
• [46]Residential Telephone Service Survey, 2013. In: Statistics Canada; 2013.
• [47]Slattery ML: Analysis of dietary patterns in epidemiological research. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010, 35(2):207-10.